Serum IL-15 Levels and Their Correlation with SCORTEN In Patients with Stevens–Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Annotatsiya
Background: Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are severe cutaneous adverse reactions associated with high mortality. Early prognostic assessment remains limited, as SCORTEN primarily reflects established clinical severity rather than early immunological activation. Objective: To evaluate the correlation between serum interleukin-15 (IL-15) levels and SCORTEN score in patients with SJS/TEN. Methods: A prospective observational study included 40 patients with SJS/TEN (20 SJS and 20 TEN) and 20 healthy controls. Serum IL-15 levels were measured using ELISA within the first 72 hours of disease onset. SCORTEN was calculated at admission. Statistical analysis included Pearson correlation and ROC analysis. Results: Serum IL-15 levels were significantly elevated in SJS/TEN patients compared to controls (p < 0.001). A moderate positive correlation was observed between IL-15 levels and SCORTEN scores (r = 0.41; p < 0.001). Higher IL-15 levels were associated with increased epidermal detachment, ICU requirement, and mortality. ROC analysis showed good predictive value (AUC ≈ 0.80). Conclusion: IL-15 is a promising early prognostic biomarker in SJS/TEN and significantly correlates with SCORTEN. Its integration into clinical practice may improve early risk stratification.