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Prevalence and associated factors of adolescent tobacco use in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Findings from nationwide survey

Ashfaq Ahmad Shah BukhariDepartment of Physiology, RAK College of Medical Sciences, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab EmiratesYasmin Alaa El-din Ali YoussefDepartment of Sociology, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, EgyptB K Manjunatha GoudDepartment of Biochemistry, RAKCOMS, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab EmiratesNaseer K. AlmalikyDepartment of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Wasit, Wasit, IraqIsra’a M. EssaDepartment of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Basra, IraqTaghreed Mohammed AlghaithMukhammadali BuriyevDepartment of Medicine, Termez University of Economics and Service, Termez, UzbekistanDoniyor UmarovDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Ma'mun University, Urgench, UzbekistanMukhayya DjumaniyazovaDepartment of Pedagogy and Psychology, Urganch State University, Urgench, UzbekistanMajid M. AlkhalafAbdullah Nasser AlmulhimMohammed Saleh AlbeshriShaima Baker AlsultanYousef Abdullah AlbalawiMinistry of Health, Madinah, Saudi ArabiaRham Abdulhadi AlamriAbdulilah AlqarnyMinistry of Health, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaMouhammed SleiayMahmoud AliNabarouh Health Affairs Directorate, Ministry of Health and Population, Dakahlia Governorate, Nabarouh, Egypt

PLOS Global Public Healthjournal2026en

ABI

Annotatsiya

Tobacco use remains a critical public health issue in Saudi Arabia, where tobacco-related illnesses are a leading cause of preventable mortality. This study assessed the prevalence and associated factors of tobacco use among Saudi adolescents using data from the 2022 Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS). A total of 5,610 students aged 13-15 years were analyzed. The overall tobacco use prevalence was 12.8% (n = 682), with higher rates among older adolescents and males. The main adjusted factors associated with current tobacco use were: male sex (adjusted OR = 1.531, 95% CI: 1.298-1.806, p < 0.001); having close friends who smoke tobacco, compared with none of them smoking (some of them: adjusted OR = 3.553, 95% CI: 2.892-4.363, p < 0.001; most of them: adjusted OR = 3.740, 95% CI: 2.597-5.386, p < 0.001; all of them: adjusted OR = 12.235, 95% CI: 6.951-21.534, p < 0.001); and perceiving tobacco use as "more attractive" (adjusted OR = 1.399, 95% CI: 1.090-1.795, p = 0.008), whereas perceiving tobacco use as "less attractive" was associated with lower odds (adjusted OR = 0.686, 95% CI: 0.563-0.836, p < 0.001). These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions such as school-based prevention programs, parental education initiatives, peer-led anti-tobacco activities, and campaigns by health authorities, including the Public Health Authority (Weqaya), to correct misconceptions about the social appeal of tobacco use and strengthen tobacco control efforts among youth in Saudi Arabia.

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Smoking Behavior and Cessation Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology

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DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0006434

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