Social Factors of Youth Employment: Essence, Classification, And Mechanisms of Influence

This scientific article is devoted to the topic “Social Factors of Youth Employment: Essence, Classification, and Mechanisms of Influence,” and systematically analyzes the sociological content of the phenomenon of youth employment, the social determinants affecting it, and their interrelation. The relevance of the study is explained by the fact that in modern society youth employment appears not only as an economic factor, but also as an important factor ensuring social stability. In the article, the social factors affecting youth employment are classified on the basis of a multilevel approach. In particular, at the macro level, socio-economic policy, labor market institutions, and demographic processes are examined; at the meso level, the education system, family environment, and regional infrastructure; and at the micro level, individual capital (knowledge, skills, motivation), social networks, and the system of values are analyzed. At the same time, on the basis of human capital, social capital, structural-functional, and conflict theories, the mechanisms of the formation of youth employment are revealed on a deep scientific basis. The research methodology is based on systemic and institutional approaches, comparative analysis, and methods of generalizing empirical data. On the basis of data from international organizations (ILO, World Bank, OECD) and national statistics, the modern trends and problems of youth employment are identified. The results of the study distinguish the quality and adaptability of education, the level of social inequality, regional differential development, digital skills, gender factors, and institutional support mechanisms as the main social factors affecting youth employment. It is also substantiated that the integration of these factors is the main determinant defining the competitiveness of young people in the labor market. The scientific novelty of this article is determined by the comprehensive classification of youth employment from the perspective of social factors, the explanation of their mechanisms of influence through multilevel analysis, and the development of practical recommendations in the conditions of Uzbekistan. The results of the study have important theoretical and practical significance in forming an effective socio-economic policy aimed at increasing youth employment.

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