EFFECT OF CAVITATION PHENOMENA ON PUMP RELIABILITY IN HYDROTRANSPORT SYSTEMS

This article investigates the effect of cavitation phenomena on the reliability and operational efficiency of pumps used in hydrotransport systems. In mining and mineral processing industries, hydrotransport systems are widely applied for conveying slurry, dispersed mixtures, and abrasive suspensions over long distances. Under such operating conditions, centrifugal pumps are subjected to intense hydrodynamic loads, pressure fluctuations, abrasive wear, and cavitation effects, which significantly reduce their service life and reliability. The study analyzes the physical mechanisms of cavitation formation in pumping equipment, including vapor bubble generation, collapse processes, and their destructive impact on pump components. Particular attention is given to the influence of cavitation on impeller erosion, vibration increase, hydraulic efficiency reduction, and emergency shutdown risks. Experimental and analytical methods were employed to determine the relationship between cavitation intensity and pump operating parameters such as flow velocity, pressure distribution, slurry concentration, and temperature. The results indicate that cavitation causes accelerated hydroabrasive wear of pump elements and decreases the overall reliability of hydrotransport systems. It was established that optimizing hydraulic regimes, selecting cavitation-resistant materials, improving impeller geometry, and maintaining appropriate suction conditions can significantly reduce cavitation damage and extend pump service life. The obtained findings may serve as a scientific and technological basis for improving the operational reliability, energy efficiency, and durability of hydrotransport equipment in mining and processing enterprises.

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