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TyG–BMI as a Marker of Metabolic Status and Its Association with Bone Quality and Mineral Metabolism: A Sex-Specific Analysis

Assel AnarbayevaDepartment of Special Clinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan 161200, KazakhstanKarlygash SadykovaDepartment of Special Clinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan 161200, KazakhstanGulnaz NuskabayevaDepartment of Special Clinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan 161200, KazakhstanNursultan NurdinovDepartment of Fundamental Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan 161200, KazakhstanNurgul ZholdassovaDepartment of Special Clinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan 161200, KazakhstanDilfuza MamraimovaDepartment of Special Clinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan 161200, KazakhstanGulzira BaimakhanovaDepartment of Special Clinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan 161200, KazakhstanDinara AzizkhojayevaDepartment of Special Clinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan 161200, KazakhstanSirozhiddin IrismetovDepartment of Special Clinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan 161200, KazakhstanShoira IsanovaDepartment of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand 140100, UzbekistanU.B. TatykayevaDepartment of Fundamental Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan 161200, Kazakhstan

Journal of Clinical Medicinejournal2026en

ABI

Annotatsiya

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is a major pathogenic factor in metabolic syndrome and related diseases. It is challenging to accurately measure IR due to high cost and technical complexity. TyG-derived indices have been proposed as simple and reliable surrogates for assessing insulin resistance. The present study aimed to investigate the association between TyG-derived indices and indicators of mineral metabolism and bone quality and to examine sex-specific differences. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 330 adults aged 18–65 years. Age-adjusted partial correlation analyses and multivariable linear regression models were performed to examine the associations between TyG indices and several metabolic parameters, minerals, and QUS bone indices. Results: TyG–BMI was strongly correlated with triglycerides (females: r = 0.51; males: r = 0.54, both p < 0.001), glucose (females: r = 0.54, p < 0.001), and hip circumference (females: r = 0.77; males: r = 0.58, both p < 0.001). HDL showed inverse associations (females: r = −0.41, p < 0.001). In females, TyG–BMI demonstrated modest positive correlations with bone parameters, including BQI (r = 0.21, p = 0.002), T-score and Z-score (r = 0.21, p = 0.002 for both), SOS (r = 0.19, p = 0.007), and BUA (r = 0.18, p = 0.010), whereas no significant associations were observed in males. In multivariable models, TyG–BMI in females remained independently associated with glucose (β = 9.77, p < 0.001), waist circumference (β = 2.94, p < 0.001), and HDL (β = −26.6, p < 0.001), but not with mineral or bone parameters. Conclusions: The TyG-derived indices, most notably TyG–BMI, are useful indicators of metabolic status that correlate with bone quality yet exhibit sex-specific associations. These findings support the role of TyG-derived indices as accessible surrogate markers of metabolic status and demonstrate sex-specific associations with bone quality parameters.

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Mavzular

Bone health and osteoporosis research Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins Bone Metabolism and Diseases

Identifikatorlar

DOI: 10.3390/jcm15114226

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