Evaluation of the Clinical Efficacy of Blood and Blood Component Use in the Treatment of Burn-Related Anemia

Objective : To analyze the efficacy and appropriateness of using blood and its components in the treatment of anemia in patients with burn disease. Materials and methods : In the Department of Combustiology at the Samarkand Branch of the Republican Research Centre of Emergency Medicine, from 2020 to 2025, the treatment outcomes of 920 patients with severe burn injuries were analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups. The main group included 570 (61.9%) patients with severe and extremely severe burns. Treatment of burn-related anemia was carried out with consideration of its etiopathogenesis. It included individualized infusion-transfusion therapy, minimization of wound blood loss, as well as plasma transfusions, blood transfusion, and administration of 5%, 10%, and 20% albumin solutions according to clinical and laboratory indicators. The control group consisted of 350 (38.04%) patients with severe and extremely severe burns. They received infusion-transfusion therapy according to the standard protocol. The patients’ age ranged from 6 months to 76 years. Results: Timely treatment of burn-related anemia, as a severe complication was based on the clinical course of the disease and laboratory blood parameters. An individualized approach to transfusion therapy included: early administration of plasma transfusions, blood transfusion, or albumin transfusions; use of hemostatic sponges during burn wound management; minimization of blood loss during surgical interventions; timely administration of recombinant erythropoietin in combination with iron preparations; and early use of antihypoxants and antioxidants to prevent erythrocyte hemolysis. The implementation of this comprehensive approach contributed to a reduction in the incidence of complications associated with burn-related anemia. In the main group, complications were observed in 188 of 570 patients (32.98%). In contrast, in the control group, early and late complications were observed in all 350 patients (100%). An individualized approach to blood transfusion not only reduced the incidence of complications but also had a significant impact on lowering mortality rates. Conclusion : Thus, in the treatment of anemia developing in burn disease, an individualized approach based on clinical and laboratory data significantly improved treatment outcomes. It included blood transfusion, plasma transfusion, albumin transfusion, as well as minimization of blood loss. According to studies conducted over the past 5 years, in 570 patients of the main group, prevention of anemia was initiated from the first day of hospitalization. As a result, the incidence of severe complications (sepsis, multiple organ failure, myocarditis, disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome, secondary wound deepening, and “burn-related exhaustion”) decreased from 100% to 32.98%. In addition, a significant reduction in mortality rates from burn disease was observed.

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