A Review on Emerging Trends in Forensic DNA Profiling and Analysis
Annotatsiya
Forensic DNA profiling has undergone remarkable advancements over the past few decades, evolving from conventional short tandem repeat (STR) analysis to highly sophisticated genomic and bioinformatic approaches. Emerging technologies such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), rapid DNA analysis, forensic investigative genetic genealogy (FIGG), probabilistic genotyping, forensic DNA phenotyping, epigenetic analysis, and artificial intelligence are transforming the field of forensic science. These innovations enable improved identification from degraded, mixed, and low-template samples while increasing analytical sensitivity, accuracy, and speed. Additionally, RNA profiling and mitochondrial DNA analysis have expanded the scope of biological evidence interpretation in criminal investigations and disaster victim identification. Despite these advancements, several ethical, legal, and privacy concerns remain, particularly regarding genetic databases, data protection, algorithm transparency, and admissibility in court. This review highlights the recent developments, applications, advantages, and challenges associated with emerging trends in forensic DNA profiling and analysis. The study emphasizes the importance of scientific validation, regulatory oversight, and ethical considerations for the responsible implementation of advanced forensic genomic technologies in modern criminal justice systems
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