Prevalence and risk factors of urinary stone disease in children

This article examines the prevalence and major risk factors of urinary stone disease (urolithiasis) in children. The study analyzes current epidemiological trends, age- and region-specific prevalence patterns, and the influence of environmental, dietary, metabolic, anatomical, and genetic factors on the development and recurrence of pediatric urolithiasis. Based on a systematic review of scientific literature and epidemiological data, the research identifies dehydration, poor dietary habits, metabolic abnormalities, urinary tract anomalies, and hereditary predisposition as the principal contributors to stone formation. The findings emphasize the importance of early risk stratification, metabolic correction, and preventive lifestyle interventions to reduce recurrence rates and preserve long-term renal function in pediatric patients.

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