PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL AND NEUROLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CHRONIC CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA

Chronic cerebral ischemia is one of the most common neurological disorders associated with long-term insufficiency of cerebral blood circulation. The disease develops gradually and leads to structural and functional damage of brain tissue, resulting in cognitive impairment, emotional instability, vestibular disorders, and decreased quality of life. Modern clinical studies indicate that chronic cerebral ischemia is closely related to arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, and age-related vascular changes. The pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic cerebral ischemia include prolonged hypoxia, endothelial dysfunction, impaired microcirculation, oxidative stress, and neuronal degeneration. These pathological processes contribute to progressive neurological deficits and chronic impairment of brain function. Early diagnosis and timely therapeutic intervention are essential for preventing severe complications such as vascular dementia and ischemic stroke

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