Clinical signs of paramphistomatosis in sheep

This article presents data on the clinical manifestations of paramphistomosis in small ruminants naturally infected under field conditions in private and farm households located in four districts of the Samarkand region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In the acute course of paramphistomosis, a sharp increase in body temperature, elevated heart rate (pulse), and increased respiratory rate are observed. In the chronic form, a decrease in ruminal motility (rumination), changes in the colour of the mucous membranes of natural orifices, as well as the development of oedema in the submandibular and thoracic regions were identified. A comparative analysis of clinical signs in sheep naturally infected with paramphistomosis in private and farm households was carried out, and the obtained results are presented in this article. The identified clinical manifestations are scientifically substantiated using modern diagnostic approaches and are associated with morphological changes in internal organs, particularly within the digestive system. The article also provides detailed information on contemporary clinical examination methods and their application. Two scientifically grounded conclusions regarding the characteristic clinical signs of paramphistomosis in sheep are presented.

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