TURKISTON INTELLEKTUAL ELITASINING IJTIMOIY-SIYOSIY TASHKILOTLARI: "TARAQQIYPARVAR"DAN "SHO‘ROI ISLOMIYA"GACHA (1905-1917)

This article analyses the formation, ideological orientations, and historical significance of the socio-political organisations established by the intellectual elite of Turkestan between 1905 and 1917. It examines the transformation of the Jadid movement into political organisations, particularly the emergence of structures such as "Taraqqiyparvar", "Sho‘roi islomiya", and the "Ulamo" society, as well as the relationships between them. Drawing on a review of the literature and a historical-comparative methodology, these organisations are assessed as the principal driving forces of Turkestan's national awakening.

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