Association Between Patellar and Femoral Bone Morphology, Overweight Status, and Sports Participation in Early Adolescents

Introduction: Early adolescence is a crucial stage of skeletal growth where mechanical loading applied by body mass and sports activity can affect morphology of patellofemoral joints. The difference in patella shape and the femur is deemed as pertinent to the biomechanics of the joint as well as the possibility of future susceptibility of a patellofemoral pain or instability. Aim: To examine the relationship between patellar bone morphology, femur bone morphology and overweight status and sports engagement in young adolescents by mouse-computerized statistical shape models. Methodology:In 312 adolescents aged 11-14 years, a cross-sectional study was carried out. The BMI was categorized based on age and sex percentiles. The level of participation in sports was measured using structured questionnaires. Threedimensional statistical shape modeling was used to get the shape modes of the patellar and the femur based on an analysis of knee MRI scans. Associations were investigated using multivariable regression models which factored age, sex, pubertal status and ethnicity. The effects of interaction between BMI category and sports participation were also identified. Results: Multiple patella and femoral shape modes were significantly linked to higher BMI, which implies an increased morphology variability with body mass. There were selective relations between sports participation and particular modes of shapes. The analyses of interaction implied additive effects, and morphology variance increased more in higher BMI cohorts irrespective of the status of sports participation. Conclusion: Overweight status shows stable relationships with patellofemoral bone morphology in the early adolescent period, whereas sports participation is associated with more specific structural changes. These results emphasize the significance of putting into consideration body mass and mechanical loading in the development of adolescent musculoskeletal development

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