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Cerium oxide and bismuth oxide nanocomposites as clay swelling inhibitors in water based drilling fluids

Ghaleb OriquatGhaleb Oriquat, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, JordanBasim Abdul AlrhymDepartment of Tqnyat Almkhtbrat Altbyh, College Altqnyat Altbyh, The Islamic University, Najaf, IraqA. C. Umamaheshwer RaoShivam P. ChaudharyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gokul Global University, Siddhpur, Gujarat, IndiaPardeep Singh BainsCentre for Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, IndiaRipendeep SinghDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, IndiaMurotov NurshodDepartment of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, Bukhara State Medical Institute, Bukhara, UzbekistanRasulbek EshmetovDepartment of Natural science, Mamun university, Khiva, UzbekistanAhmad AbumalekFaculty of Engineering, Balkh University, Balkh, Afghanistan. [email protected]

2026en

ABI

Annotatsiya

Wellbore instability driven by reactive clay swelling remains a critical and costly challenge in the application of water-based drilling fluids. The core objective of this study is to evaluate the fundamental clay hydration inhibition potential of CeO 2 –Bi 2 O 3 bimetallic nanocomposite to ensure robust operational stability. The nanomaterial was synthesized via co-precipitation, subjected to 1-hour ultrasonic homogenization and 1-week static aging, and subsequently evaluated using dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, static filtration (100 psi, 60 °C), and hot rolling tests (105 °C). Experimental results demonstrated that an optimal nanocomposite concentration of 500 ppm fundamentally arrests clay hydration via double-layer compression (− 38.7 mV) and pore plugging, yielding an exceptional dynamic shale cutting recovery of 93%, significantly outperforming the standard 3 wt% KCl benchmark (78%). System compatibility assessments proved the additive acts as a non-damaging agent, maintaining vital plastic viscosity and yield point parameters while improving API filtration control in polymeric (9.5 to 7.8 mL) and weighted mud systems. In conclusion, the CeO 2 –Bi 2 O 3 nanocomposite serves as a highly efficient chemical inhibitor that mechanically stabilizes wellbores and prevents fluid invasion, presenting a viable, non-damaging alternative for advanced drilling fluid formulations.

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DOI: 10.1186/s11671-026-04787-0

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