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Unveiling the role of Cr-doping in modulating the textural and optical properties of sol-gel derived TiO2 nanomaterials for photocatalytic activity

Khusniddin MusaevNational University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, University Street 4, Tashkent 100174, UzbekistanOlim RuzimuradovTurin Polytechnic University in Tashkent, Small Ring Road Street 17, Tashkent 100095, UzbekistanJamoliddin RazzokovInstitute of Fundamental and Applied Research under TIIAME National Research University, Qori Niyoziy Street 39A, Tashkent 100000, UzbekistanAsqar ParmanovNational University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, University Street 4, Tashkent 100174, UzbekistanIslom KhaydarovAlfraganus University, Tashkent, 100190, UzbekistanShavkat MamatkulovInstitute of Material Sciences of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Chingiz Aytmatov 2b, Tashkent 100084, UzbekistanFeruza SuyunovaKimyo International University in Tashkent, Shota Rustaveli street 156, Tashkent 100121, UzbekistanShavkat TursunovJizzakh State Pedagogical University, Sh. Rashidov Street, House 4, Jizzakh City, Jizzakh Region 130100, UzbekistanKhurshida ShodievaTashkent State Medical University, Almazar district, Farobi Street 2, Tashkent 100109, UzbekistanAbdelmonaim AzzouzLaboratory of Water, Research, and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco

2026en

ABI

Annotatsiya

This research presents a systematic investigation into the sol-gel engineering of pure and high-concentration Chromium (Cr)-doped TiO 2 nanomaterials (5 wt% and 10 wt%) for enhanced visible-light photocatalysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the successful substitutional incorporation of Cr 3 + ions into the anatase lattice, inducing significant grain refinement from 18.5 nm to 14.2 nm and increasing structural defects such as oxygen vacancies. Morphological analysis via SEM and TEM revealed a highly porous, hierarchical sponge-like nanostructure with a BET specific surface area of 57.6 m 2 /g for the optimal 5% Cr-doped sample. Optical studies through UV-Vis DRS demonstrated a substantial bandgap narrowing from 3.12 eV (pure TiO 2 ) to 2.67 eV (5% Cr-TiO 2 ), significantly extending the light-harvesting capability into the visible spectrum. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra indicated that 5% Cr-doping effectively inhibits charge carrier recombination by creating optimal trapping centers. The photocatalytic efficiency was evaluated through the degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) under visible light, where the 5% Cr-TiO 2 catalyst exhibited superior performance, achieving 80% degradation within 80 min following pseudo-first-order kinetics (k = 0.013 min −1 ). The enhanced activity is attributed to the synergistic effect of improved textural properties, narrowed bandgap, and efficient separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. These findings establish a comprehensive correlation between dopant-induced electronic states and accelerated mineralization of organic pollutants. Furthermore, the optimized 5% Cr-TiO 2 composite demonstrated excellent reusability, retaining 90% of its initial efficiency after three consecutive cycles under visible light. This outstanding stability highlights its potential for practical environmental remediation.

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DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2026.102793

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