Numerical investigation of Hall and ion-slip effects on Joule-heated power-law hybrid nanofluid flow over a stretching surface under modified Fourier heat conduction

The power-law hybrid nanofluid (PL-HNF) flow with Hall current, Joule dissipation, and ion-slip conditions across a stretching surface has significant applications in improved industrial cooling, thermal control, and manufacturing processes like polymer extrusion, metal spinning, and crystal formation. Advanced fabrication, thermal technology, and energy systems, the aerospace, automobile sectors, and electrical and magnetic control are some important applications that are used to control flow energy transfer and velocity in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) devices, which have an impact on the skin friction and thermal field. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to assess the PL-HNF using Fourier’s law over a stretching sheet subject to Joule dissipation, Hall current, and ion-slip conditions. The HNF is considered as the suspension of iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4 ) and zirconium dioxide (ZrO 2 ) nanoparticles (NPs) in the water (H 2 O-50%) and ethylene glycol (C 2 H 6 O 2 -50%). The modeled equations are numerically solved by employing the parametric continuation approach based on the finite difference method. The results are displayed through Figures and Tables. It has been observed that the fluid velocity profile of both PL-HNF and PL-NF diminishes with the variation in the Hall current β i and ion-slip factor β e . The energy transfer rate significantly drops by varying the 1 st , 2 nd , and 3 rd Prandtl numbers from 1.0 to 5.0 upto 21.0878%, 19.1579% and 3.29407% in case of HNF, respectively, whereas in case of nanofluid, it drops upto 2.38981%, 28.0105% and 6.99152%, respectively.

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