Impact of Physical and Mechanical Job Demands on Employee Outcomes: Examining the Roles of Well-Being and Work Climate

Purpose: The present study aims to examine the impact of physical and mechanical job demands on employee performance, while also exploring the mediating role of employee well-being and the moderating role of work climate in shaping these relationships. The study seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of how demanding work conditions influence both employee health and effectiveness. Method: A quantitative, cross sectional research design was employed, and data were collected from 295 employees working in physically demanding occupational settings using a structured questionnaire. Standardized scales adapted from previous studies were used to measure all constructs. The data were analyzed using ADANCO through structural equation modeling techniques, including mediation and moderation analysis. Findings: The results indicate that physical and mechanical job demands have a significant impact on both employee performance and employee well-being. Furthermore, employee well-being was found to significantly influence employee performance and to mediate the relationship between job demands and performance. The findings also reveal that work climate moderates the relationship between job demands and performance, such that a supportive work environment reduces the negative effects of high job demands. Originality/Implications: This study contributes to the existing literature by integrating job demands, well-being, work climate, and performance into a single framework. It extends the application of established theories within physically demanding work contexts and offers practical insights for organizations to improve employee well-being and sustain performance through supportive work environments

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