Experimental assessment of meteorological effects of the neutron component of cosmic rays based on data from Tashkent and Alma-Ata detectors

The aim of the work is to estimate the barometric effects for the neutron component of cosmic rays at the Tashkent and Alma-Ata stations during periods of maximum solar activity. The article analyzes the detailed instrumental characteristics of the Tashkent and Alma-Ata stations, the detector design, the data collection and processing system, and the main scientific results obtained during continuous observations. As a result, the average annual barometric coefficients for the neutron component were determined: for the Tashkent 0.686 ± 0.016%/mb, and for the Alma-Ata 0.668 ± 0.016%/mb. The humidity effect was also estimated for the Moscow station. It was found that the regression models describe the observed variations with high accuracy (Р2 ≈ 0.97), which confirms their reliability. The results obtained show that they can increase the accuracy of neutron monitor data correction, improve the efficiency of detecting primary cosmic ray variations, and record space weather events. The proposed approach is shown to be effective in long-term monitoring of cosmic rays and studying the Sun-Earth relationship. The coupling coefficient, which expresses the contribution of cosmic ray variations, was found to be 1.126 ± 0.014 for the Alma-Ata and 1.096 ± 0.014 for the Tashkent. These values indicate that the intensity changes recorded by neutron monitors are in high agreement with cosmic ray variations. The results obtained show that atmospheric pressure is the main meteorological factor affecting the counting rate of neutron monitors. The corrections significantly improved the accuracy of the data, making it possible to distinguish heliophysical phenomena such as Forbush depressions, 27-day variations, and long-term modulation of galactic cosmic rays

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