Electrolyte Abnormalities Among Neonates Admitted to the NICU and Their Clinical Correlates: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Electrolyte abnormalities are common among neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and are associated with increased morbidity and prolonged hospital stay. Factors such as feeding practices, fluid management, mode of delivery, perinatal monitoring, surgical interventions, and parental psychological stress may influence neonatal electrolyte and glucose homeostasis. Objectives: To study the prevalence and pattern of electrolyte abnormalities among neonates admitted to the NICU and to analyze their clinical correlates including feeding practices, glucose levels, fluid management, mode of delivery, cardiotocography (CTG) findings, surgical procedures, and psychological impact on parents. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted by reviewing medical records of neonates admitted to the NICU over a one-year period. Data regarding demographic details, electrolyte levels, blood glucose values, feeding practices, mode of delivery, CTG findings of mothers, NICU fluid management, surgical interventions, and parental psychological stress were collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 120 neonates were included in the study. Electrolyte abnormalities were observed in 68 (56.7%) neonates. Hyponatremia was the most common abnormality, followed by hypocalcemia and hyperkalemia. Improper breastfeeding practices were significantly associated with neonatal hypoglycemia. Fluid management protocols in the NICU played a critical role in correcting electrolyte imbalances. Of the total neonates, 72 (60%) were delivered by normal vaginal delivery (NVD) and 48 (40%) by cesarean section (CS). Abnormal CTG findings were noted in 34% of mothers. Surgical procedures were required in 18 neonates. Parents of NICU-admitted neonates experienced significant psychological stress. Conclusion: Electrolyte abnormalities are common among NICU neonates and are influenced by feeding practices, fluid management, perinatal factors, and surgical conditions. Early recognition and appropriate management, along with parental psychological support, are essential for improved neonatal outcomes. Keywords:Neonates, Electrolyte abnormalities, NICU, Hypoglycemia, Breastfeeding, Fluid management, CTG, Psychological impact

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