CHEMICAL FUNCTIONALIZATION OF TEXTILES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CONDUCTIVE AND MULTIFUNCTIONAL FABRICS: A REVIEW

Chemical functionalization of textiles in recent years has become one of the key directions in the creation of conductive and multifunctional materials for wearable electronics, protective clothing, and sensor systems. The review systematizes the main approaches to the formation of stable conductivity and additional functional properties of textiles, including plasma surface activation, chemical grafting, sol-gel treatment, and deposition of conductive phases based on silver, carbon nanostructures, and conductive polymers. It is shown that the durability of such materials is determined not only by the nature of the conductive component, but also by the interfacial adhesion, the stability of the percolation structure under bending and washing, as well as the effectiveness of crosslinking agents and primers preventing delamination of coatings. Special attention is paid to hybrid systems combining electrical conductivity, electromagnetic radiation shielding, antibacterial properties, and protection from ultraviolet radiation. The main performance efficiency indicators significant for industrial application are summarized, including resistance to household washing, abrasion, water vapor permeability, and shielding effectiveness. The conclusion is drawn that the development of interfacial chemistry, environmentally preferred dispersion systems, and scalable encapsulation methods is the key condition for the transition from laboratory developments to industrially applicable electronic textiles.

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