Minutes-long soft X-ray prompt emission from a compact object merger
An LiSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Institute for Frontier in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 102206, ChinaChen-Wei WangState Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaNiccolò PassalevaSapienza University of RomeJie AnUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaBin-Bin ZhangThe Hong Kong Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; Nevada Center for Astrophysics and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada Las, Vegas, NV 89154, USAEleonora TrojaDepartment of Physics, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome I-00133, Italy; INAF, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Rome I-00133, Italy. Electronic address: [email protected]Yi-Han Iris YinThe Hong Kong Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China. Electronic address: [email protected]Yuan LiuNational Astronomical ObservatoriesShao-Lin XiongState Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaLi-Ping XinNational Astronomical ObservatoriesYi-Xuan ShaoSchool of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics, Nanjing University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, ChinaJun YangInstitute for Astrophysics, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaHui SunNational Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaDong XuNational Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaYu-Han YangDepartment of Physics, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome I-00133, ItalyRoberto RicciDepartment of Physics, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome I-00133, Italy; INAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia, Bologna I-40129, ItalyHe GaoSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Institute for Frontier in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 102206, ChinaSarah AntierUniversité Paris-SaclayRosa L. BecerraUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoJia-Xin CaoGuangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, Department of Physics, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, ChinaAlberto Javier Castro-TiradoInstituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, Granada E-18008, SpainXin-Lei ChenSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, ChinaYe-Hao ChengSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, ChinaYong ChenState Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaHua-Qing ChengNational Astronomical ObservatoriesValerio D’EliaMassimiliano De PasqualeDepartment of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences of University of Messina, Via F.S. D'Alcontres 31, Messina I-98166, ItalyYong-Wei DongState Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaEslam ElhosseinyNational Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), Cairo 11421, EgyptRob A.J. Eyles-FerrisSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UKMaria GritsevichFaculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland; Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620002, RussiaXu-Hui HanNational Astronomical ObservatoriesDieter HartmannClemson University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson SC 29634-0978, USAY. D. HuGuangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, Department of Physics, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, ChinaJing-Wei HuNational Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. Electronic address: [email protected]Shu-Mei JiaState Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaN. KochiashviliE. Kharadze Georgian National Astrophysical Observatory, Adigeni 0301, GeorgiaWei-Hua LeiDepartment of Astronomy, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, ChinaAndrew J. LevanDepartment of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen 6500 GL, The Netherlands; Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKCheng-Kui LiState Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaDongyue LiNational Astronomical ObservatoriesHua-Li LiNational Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. Electronic address: [email protected]Xiao-Bo LiState Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaZhi-Xing LingUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaHe-Yang LiuNational Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaHou-Jun LüGuangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, Department of Physics, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, ChinaDaniele B. MalesaniCosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen 6500 GL, The NetherlandsBrendan O’ConnorHai-Wu PanNational Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaShashi Bhushan PandeyAryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Uttarakhand 263001, IndiaIgnacio Perez-GarciaInstituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Granada 18008, SpainDaniëlle L.A. PieterseDepartment of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen 6500 GL, The NetherlandsMarion PillasSorbonne UniversitéYu-Lei QiuNational Astronomical ObservatoriesAndrea SaccardiUniversité Paris-SaclayRubén Sánchez-RamírezInstituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IAA-CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomía, s/n, Granada 18080, SpainWen-Jun TanState Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaManasanun TanasanNational Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (NARIT), Chiang Mai 50180, ThailandNial R. TanvirSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UKSusanna D. VerganiUniversité Paris Sciences et LettresJing WangNational Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaXiaofeng WangDepartment of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaQin-Yu WuUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaShu-Xu YiState Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaTillayev YusufjonNational University of UzbekistanChen ZhangNational Astronomical ObservatoriesWen-Da ZhangNational Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaYi-Jia ZhangDepartment of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaGuo-Ying ZhaoSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, ChinaChao ZhengState Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaShi-Jie ZhengState Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China周嫦Department of Astronomy, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China周萍School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, ChinaBertrand CordierInstitut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'UniversJian-Yan WeiNational Astronomical ObservatoriesWeimin YuanUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaX. ZhangState Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaBing ZhangSchool of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics, Nanjing University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China. Electronic address: [email protected]
2026en
ABI
Annotatsiya
Compact object mergers are multi-messenger sources and known progenitors of some gamma-ray bursts, bright flashes of high-energy radiation powered by a central engine, either an accreting black hole or a neutron star. Our understanding of these events has so far been shaped primarily by observations in the gamma-ray band, leaving their prompt phase poorly constrained at lower energies. A long-lasting ($\approx$100 s) engine-driven X-ray emission was discussed to explain rapidly fading X-ray afterglows following several ($\approx$30%) bursts of short ($\lesssim$2 s) duration. However, this prompt X-ray component was not directly observed and past candidates were not confirmed. Here we report the discovery of EP250704a containing a minutes-long ($\sim$560 s) flash of soft (0.5--4 keV) X-rays immediately following the short ($\sim$0.4 s) GRB 250704B. The variability and spectral shape of this emission are inconsistent with the canonical picture of a hard, accretion-powered spike followed by a standard external-shock afterglow. Instead, the long-soft bump points to a distinct phase of prompt emission in X-rays, which would not have been detected without the soft X-ray coverage of Einstein Probe. The detection of a prompt soft X-ray counterpart in an otherwise ordinary short GRB shows that long-lasting X-ray emission is likely a common feature of merger-driven bursts and a promising electromagnetic counterpart to gravitational wave sources.
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