Maqola

Hydrogen mixing performance of single and equivalent multi-chevron transverse jets in supersonic crossflow

Mohamed ShabanPhysics Department, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, P. O. Box: 170, Madinah, 42351, Saudi ArabiaSaman AminianDepartment of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, IraqSeif Al BustanjiKamal SharmaCentre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140417, IndiaSaif AlshammariDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Jouf University, Sakakah, 72388, Saudi ArabiaMehraj‐ud‐din NaikDepartment of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi ArabiaAbdellatif M. SadeqFaculty of Agricultural Mechanization, TIIAME National Research University, Kori Niyoziy 39, Tashkent, 100000, UzbekistanNarinderjit Singh Sawaran SinghHusam RajabCollege of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Najran University, King Abdulaziz Road, P.O Box 1988, Najran, Saudi ArabiaShitharth SharmaCentre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140417, India

2026en

ABI

Annotatsiya

Efficient fuel–air mixing within the extremely short residence time of a scramjet combustor remains one of the major challenges for sustained hypersonic propulsion. In the present study, the effects of chevron transverse injectors and internal flow-control modification on hydrogen mixing in a Mach 4 supersonic crossflow are numerically investigated. Four injection configurations are examined: a single chevron jet, a single chevron jet with an internal extruded rod, equivalent multi-chevron jets, and equivalent multi-chevron jets with internal extruded rods. Three-dimensional unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations coupled with the SST turbulence model are performed using a density-based implicit solver under non-reacting compressible flow conditions. The governing equations include conservation of mass, momentum, energy, and hydrogen species transport. The results show that the internal rod significantly modifies the near-field jet structure by splitting the fuel core, increasing shear-layer instability, and promoting additional streamwise vortices. The equivalent multi-jet arrangements generate stronger jet–jet interactions and broader distributed mixing zones than the single-jet cases. Fuel mixing efficiency increases continuously downstream for all configurations; however, the multi-chevron injector with internal rod provides the best overall performance, reaching a mixing efficiency of approximately 0.37 at 40 mm downstream, compared with 0.34, 0.34, and 0.29 for the multi-jet without rod, single-jet with rod, and baseline single-jet cases, respectively. Overall, the combination of chevron shaping, distributed multi-jet injection, and internal rod modification enhances hydrogen mixing under the investigated Mach 4 non-reacting conditions. Among the four configurations considered, the multi-chevron injector with internal rod provides the highest downstream mixing efficiency, although this improvement is accompanied by a modest increase in total pressure loss relative to the corresponding multi-jet configuration without the rod. Therefore, Multi-Jets #2 represents a favorable configuration within the specific operating and geometric conditions examined here, rather than a universally optimal injector design. Further studies over a wider range of operating conditions and combustor configurations are required to establish broader design guidelines.

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DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.157639

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