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Unraveling the kinetic and thermodynamic behaviours of hybrid biodiesel and its blend with fossil diesel during thermal degradation

Adeyinka Sikiru YusuffDepartment of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, Afe Babalola University, km 8.5, Afe Babalola Way, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, NigeriaAfeez GbadamosiDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, 31952, Saudi ArabiaYuli Panca AsmaraINTI International University, Faculty of Engineering and Quantity Survey, 71800, Negeri Sembilan, MalaysiaDavid UkukuDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Louisiana, USAElyor BerdimurodovShahrisabz Faculty of Food Engineering, Karshi State Technical University, Karshi, UzbekistanKhasan BerdimurodovDepartment of Chemistry, Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, AzerbaijanRasulbek Jumyazovich EshmetovNatural Sciences, Ma’mun Universiteti, Urgench, UzbekistanKhudaybergan PolvonovNatural and agricultural Sciences, Urgench State University named after Abu Rayhan Biruni, Urgench City, 220100, Uzbekistan

2026en

ABI

Annotatsiya

Biodiesel is viewed as a possible replacement for fossil diesel, addressing environmental issues and the need for renewable energy sources. This study investigated the kinetic and thermodynamic behaviours of waste cooking oil (U)- Jatropha curcas oil (J) hybrid biodiesel (UJ-B) and UJ-B-diesel blends (UJ-B20 and UJ-B80) during thermal degradation. The physicochemical properties and thermal properties of the UJ-B and the blends were determined through various analytical techniques (ASTM standard procedures, FTIR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and TG/DTG). The TGA data obtained were thereafter evaluated using the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) isoconversional techniques to examine the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for UJ-B and UJ-B20, which were subjected to thermally degradation at varied heating rates (5, 10, and 15 °C · min -1 ) with temperatures ranging from 30 °C to 900 °C under N 2 conditions. The UJ-B exhibited double weight loss steps, whereas the UJ-B20 showed a single, well-defined weight loss step. The FWO iso-conversional approach fitted the TGA data best, as demonstrated by the highest R 2 values in the range of 0.9123-0.9856 as compared to KAS iso-conversional approach with R 2 values in the range of 0.8942-0.9823. Average apparent activation energies were 83.08 kJ · mol -1 and 67.73 kJ · mol -1 for UJ-B and UJ-B20, respectively. Endothermic and high energy barrier thermal degradation process was validated by the positive Δ H ‡ and Δ G ‡ values. Conversely, the negative Δ S ‡ value confirmed a more ordered process. Considering both the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters, the reactivity of the UJ-B20 was obviously more intense compared to the UJ-B, which may be beneficial for the application in internal combustion engines. Thus, further research on the combustion of UJ-B and UJ-B-diesel blends in diesel engines is recommended to gain insight into their emission characteristics.

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DOI: 10.1016/j.ctta.2026.100388

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