Generative AI and Foundation Models

Generative artificial intelligence and foundation models represent a paradigm shift in computational capabilities, raising unprecedented governance challenges. This chapter examines the intersection of these technologies with democratic institutions, legal frameworks, and ethical norms. It analyzes emerging regulatory approaches including the EU AI Act and OECD principles, explores algorithmic bias and accountability mechanisms, and investigates tensions between innovation and rights protection. Through systematic review of recent scholarship and policy developments, the chapter identifies critical challenges in transparency, intellectual property, and algorithmic decision-making legitimacy.

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