AI and Emerging Technologies in Transnational Higher Education

Transnational higher education (TNHE) is undergoing a profound transformation driven by artificial intelligence (AI) and a suite of complementary emerging technologies. This chapter examines how generative AI, learning analytics, explainable AI (XAI), blockchain-based credentialing, and augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR) are reshaping teaching, learning, and institutional governance across TNHE contexts. Drawing on a synthesis of recent empirical and conceptual literature, the chapter analyses the opportunities these technologies afford—including personalised learning at scale, data-informed decision-making, and cross-border credential portability—alongside critical challenges encompassing academic integrity, data privacy, algorithmic bias, regulatory fragmentation, and digital equity. A layered policy framework is proposed to guide institutions in adopting these technologies responsibly and sustainably.

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