Joint Analysis of BICEP2/<i>Keck Array</i>and<i>Planck</i>Data
P. A. R. AdeSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queens Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United KingdomN. AghanimInstitut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS (UMR8617) Université Paris-Sud 11, Bâtiment 121, Orsay, FranceZeeshan AhmedDepartment of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USAR. W. AikinCalifornia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USAK. D. AlexanderHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USAM. ArnaudLaboratoire AIM, IRFU/Service d'Astrophysique-CEA/DSM-CNRS-Université Paris Diderot, Bâtiment 709, CEA-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, FranceJ. AumontInstitut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS (UMR8617) Université Paris-Sud 11, Bâtiment 121, Orsay, FranceC. BaccigalupiSISSA, Astrophysics Sector, via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, ItalyA. J. BandayCNRS, IRAP, 9 Avenue colonel Roche, BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, FranceD. BarkatsJoint ALMA Observatory, Vitacura, Santiago, ChileR. B. BarreiroInstituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avenida de los Castros s/n, Santander, SpainJ. G. BartlettAPC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, FranceN. BartoloDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia G. Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyE. BattanerUniversity of Granada, Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Facultad de Ciencias, Granada, SpainK. BenabedInstitut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 bis Boulevard Arago, F-75014, Paris, FranceA. Benoı̂tInstitut Néel, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, 25 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble, FranceA. Benoit-LévyDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United KingdomS. J. BentonDepartment of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A7, CanadaJ.-P. BernardCNRS, IRAP, 9 Avenue colonel Roche, BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, FranceM. BersanelliDipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 16, Milano, ItalyP. BielewiczCNRS, IRAP, 9 Avenue colonel Roche, BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, FranceC. A. BischoffHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USAJ. J. BockCalifornia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USAA. BonaldiJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United KingdomL. BonaveraInstituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avenida de los Castros s/n, Santander, SpainJ. R. BondCITA, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H8, CanadaJ. BorrillComputational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USAF. R. BouchetInstitut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 bis Boulevard Arago, F-75014, Paris, FranceF. BoulangerInstitut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS (UMR8617) Université Paris-Sud 11, Bâtiment 121, Orsay, FranceJ. A. BrevikCalifornia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USAM. BucherAPC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, FranceI. BuderHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USAE. BullockMinnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USAC. BuriganaDipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, ItalyR. C. ButlerINAF/IASF Bologna, Via Gobetti 101, Bologna, ItalyV. BuzaHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USAE. CalabreseSub-Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United KingdomJ.-F. CardosoAPC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, FranceA. CatalanoLERMA, CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, 61 Avenue de l'Observatoire, Paris, FranceA. ChallinorCentre for Theoretical Cosmology, DAMTP, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United KingdomRanga‐Ram CharyInfrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USAH. C. ChiangAstrophysics & Cosmology Research Unit, School of Mathematics, Statistics & Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South AfricaP. R. ChristensenL. P. L. ColomboDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letter, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USAC. CombetLaboratoire de Physique Subatomique et Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 53, rue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, FranceJake ConnorsHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USAF. CouchotLAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, FranceA. CoulaisLERMA, CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, 61 Avenue de l'Observatoire, Paris, FranceB. P. CrillCalifornia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USAA. CurtoAstrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United KingdomF. CuttaiaINAF/IASF Bologna, Via Gobetti 101, Bologna, ItalyL. DaneseSISSA, Astrophysics Sector, via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, ItalyR. D. DaviesJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United KingdomR. J. DavisJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United KingdomP. de BernardisDipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, ItalyA. de RosaINAF/IASF Bologna, Via Gobetti 101, Bologna, ItalyG. de ZottiINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, Padova, ItalyJ. DelabrouilleAPC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, FranceJ.‐M. DelouisInstitut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 bis Boulevard Arago, F-75014, Paris, FranceF.–X. DésertIPAG: Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, Université Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, FranceC. DickinsonJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United KingdomJ. M. DiegoInstituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avenida de los Castros s/n, Santander, SpainH. DoleInstitut Universitaire de France, 103, bd Saint-Michel, 75005, Paris, FranceS. DonzelliINAF/IASF Milano, Via E. Bassini 15, Milano, ItalyO. DoréCalifornia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USAM. DouspisInstitut d'Astrophysique SpatialeC. D. DowellJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USAL. DubandService des Basses Températures, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, 38054 Grenoble, FranceA. DucoutImperial College London, Astrophysics group, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United KingdomJo DunkleySub-Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United KingdomX. DupacEuropean Space Agency, ESAC, Planck Science Office, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, SpainCora DvorkinHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USAG. EfstathiouInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, United KingdomF. ElsnerDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United KingdomT. A. EnßlinMax-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 1, 85741 Garching, GermanyH. K. EriksenInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, NorwayE. FalgaroneLERMA, CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, 61 Avenue de l'Observatoire, Paris, FranceJ. P. FilippiniCalifornia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USAF. Finelli⋆INAF/IASF Bologna, Via Gobetti 101, Bologna, ItalyS. FliescherSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USAO. ForniCNRS, IRAP, 9 Avenue colonel Roche, BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, FranceM. FrailisINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G.B. Tiepolo 11, Trieste, ItalyA. A. FraisseDepartment of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USAE. FranceschiINAF/IASF Bologna, Via Gobetti 101, Bologna, ItalyA. FrejselS. GaleottaINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G.B. Tiepolo 11, Trieste, ItalyS. GalliInstitut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 bis Boulevard Arago, F-75014, Paris, FranceK. GangaAPC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, FranceT. GhoshInstitut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS (UMR8617) Université Paris-Sud 11, Bâtiment 121, Orsay, FranceM. GiardCNRS, IRAP, 9 Avenue colonel Roche, BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, FranceE. GjerløwInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, NorwayS. R. GolwalaCalifornia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USAJ. González-NuevoInstituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avenida de los Castros s/n, Santander, SpainK. M. GórskiJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USAS. GrattonInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, United KingdomA. GregorioDipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Trieste, via Alfonso Valerio 2, Trieste, ItalyA. GruppusoINAF/IASF Bologna, Via Gobetti 101, Bologna, ItalyJon E. GudmundssonDepartment of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USAM. HalpernDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, British Columbia, CanadaF. K. HansenInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
2015en
ABI
Annotatsiya
We report the results of a joint analysis of data from BICEP2/Keck Array and Planck. BICEP2 and Keck Array have observed the same approximately 400 deg^{2} patch of sky centered on RA 0 h, Dec. -57.5°. The combined maps reach a depth of 57 nK deg in Stokes Q and U in a band centered at 150 GHz. Planck has observed the full sky in polarization at seven frequencies from 30 to 353 GHz, but much less deeply in any given region (1.2 μK deg in Q and U at 143 GHz). We detect 150×353 cross-correlation in B modes at high significance. We fit the single- and cross-frequency power spectra at frequencies ≥150 GHz to a lensed-ΛCDM model that includes dust and a possible contribution from inflationary gravitational waves (as parametrized by the tensor-to-scalar ratio r), using a prior on the frequency spectral behavior of polarized dust emission from previous Planck analysis of other regions of the sky. We find strong evidence for dust and no statistically significant evidence for tensor modes. We probe various model variations and extensions, including adding a synchrotron component in combination with lower frequency data, and find that these make little difference to the r constraint. Finally, we present an alternative analysis which is similar to a map-based cleaning of the dust contribution, and show that this gives similar constraints. The final result is expressed as a likelihood curve for r, and yields an upper limit r_{0.05}<0.12 at 95% confidence. Marginalizing over dust and r, lensing B modes are detected at 7.0σ significance.
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