Evidence for Oscillation of Atmospheric Neutrinos
Y. FukudaInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Tanashi, Tokyo, 188-8502, JapanT. HayakawaInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Tanashi, Tokyo, 188-8502, JapanE. IchiharaInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Tanashi, Tokyo, 188-8502, JapanK. InoueInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Tanashi, Tokyo, 188-8502, JapanK. IshiharaInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Tanashi, Tokyo, 188-8502, JapanH. IshinoInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Tanashi, Tokyo, 188-8502, JapanY. ItowInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Tanashi, Tokyo, 188-8502, JapanT. KajitaInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Tanashi, Tokyo, 188-8502, JapanJ. KamedaInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Tanashi, Tokyo, 188-8502, JapanS. KasugaInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Tanashi, Tokyo, 188-8502, JapanKazuyoshi KobayashiInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Tanashi, Tokyo, 188-8502, JapanYoshiyuki KobayashiInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Tanashi, Tokyo, 188-8502, JapanY. KoshioInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Tanashi, Tokyo, 188-8502, JapanM. MiuraInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Tanashi, Tokyo, 188-8502, JapanM. NakahataInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Tanashi, Tokyo, 188-8502, JapanS. NakayamaInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Tanashi, Tokyo, 188-8502, JapanAtsushi OkadaInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Tanashi, Tokyo, 188-8502, JapanK. OkumuraInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Tanashi, Tokyo, 188-8502, JapanN. SakuraiInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Tanashi, Tokyo, 188-8502, JapanM. ShiozawaInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Tanashi, Tokyo, 188-8502, JapanY. SuzukiInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Tanashi, Tokyo, 188-8502, JapanY. TakeuchiInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Tanashi, Tokyo, 188-8502, JapanY. TotsukaInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Tanashi, Tokyo, 188-8502, JapanS. YamadaInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Tanashi, Tokyo, 188-8502, JapanM. EarlDepartment of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215A. HabigDepartment of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215E. KearnsDepartment of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215M. D. MessierDepartment of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215K. ScholbergDepartment of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215J. L. StoneDepartment of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215L. SulakDepartment of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215C. W. WalterDepartment of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215M. GoldhaberPhysics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973T. BarszczxakDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575D. CasperDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575W. GajewskiDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575P. G. HalversonDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575Jonathan Y. HsuDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575W. R. KroppDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575L. R. PriceDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575F. ReinesDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575M. SmyDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575H. W. SobelDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575M. R. VaginsDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575K. S. GanezerDepartment of Physics, California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, California 90747W. E. KeigDepartment of Physics, California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, California 90747R. W. EllsworthDepartment of Physics, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030S. TasakaDepartment of Physics, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, JapanJ. FlanaganDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822A. KibayashiDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822J. G. LearnedDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822S. MatsunoDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822V. J. StengerDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822D. TakemoriDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822T. IshiiInstitute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, JapanJ. KanzakiInstitute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, JapanT. KobayashiInstitute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, JapanS. MineInstitute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, JapanK. NakamuraInstitute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, JapanK. NishikawaInstitute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, JapanY. OyamaInstitute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, JapanAkito SakaiInstitute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, JapanM. SakudaInstitute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, JapanO. SasakiInstitute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, JapanS. EchigoDepartment of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, JapanM. KohamaDepartment of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, JapanT. J. HainesDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575E. BlaufussDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803B. K. KimDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803R. SanfordDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803R. SvobodaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803M. L. ChenDepartment of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742Z. ConnerDepartment of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742J. A. GoodmanDepartment of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742G. W. SullivanDepartment of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742J. HillDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800C. K. JungDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800K. MartensDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800C. MaugerDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800C. McGrewDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800E. SharkeyDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800B. VirenDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800C. YanagisawaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800W. DokiDepartment of Physics, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, JapanK. MiyanoDepartment of Physics, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, JapanH. OkazawaDepartment of Physics, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, JapanC. SajiDepartment of Physics, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, JapanM. TakahataDepartment of Physics, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, JapanY. NagashimaDepartment of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, JapanM. TakitaDepartment of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, JapanTomohiro YamaguchiDepartment of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, JapanM. YoshidaDepartment of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, JapanS. B. KimDepartment of Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, KoreaMasato EtoDepartment of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, JapanK. FujitaDepartment of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, JapanT. HasegawaDepartment of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, JapanS. HatakeyamaDepartment of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, JapanT. IwamotoDepartment of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
1998en
ABI
Annotatsiya
We present an analysis of atmospheric neutrino data from a 33.0 kton yr (535-day) exposure of the Super-Kamiokande detector. The data exhibit a zenith angle dependent deficit of muon neutrinos which is inconsistent with expectations based on calculations of the atmospheric neutrino flux. Experimental biases and uncertainties in the prediction of neutrino fluxes and cross sections are unable to explain our observation. The data are consistent, however, with two-flavor ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$ oscillations with ${sin}^{2}2\ensuremath{\theta}>0.82$ and $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}<\ensuremath{\Delta}{m}^{2}<6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1{0}^{\ensuremath{-}3}\mathrm{eV}{}^{2}$ at 90% confidence level.
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