Ancient genomes revisit the ancestry of domestic and Przewalski’s horses
Charleen GaunitzCentre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, 1350K Copenhagen, DenmarkAntoine FagesCentre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, 1350K Copenhagen, DenmarkKristian HanghøjNatural History Museum of DenmarkAnders AlbrechtsenBioinformatics Center, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200N Copenhagen, DenmarkNaveed KhanCentre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, 1350K Copenhagen, DenmarkMikkel SchubertCentre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, 1350K Copenhagen, DenmarkAndaine Seguin‐OrlandoCentre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, 1350K Copenhagen, DenmarkIvy J. OwensDepartment of Archaeology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QE, UKSabine FelkelInstitute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, AustriaOlivier Bignon‐LauÉquipe Ethnologie préhistorique, ArScAn, CNRS, UMR 7041, Maison de l’Archéologie et de l’Ethnologie (MAE) René-Ginouvès, 92023 Nanterre Cédex, FrancePeter de Barros DamgaardCentre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, 1350K Copenhagen, DenmarkAlissa MittnikDepartment of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, GermanyAzadeh Fatemeh MohasebArchaeozoology section, Archaeometry Laboratory, University of Tehran, Tehran CP1417634934, IranHossein DavoudiArchaeozoology section, Archaeometry Laboratory, University of Tehran, Tehran CP1417634934, IranSaleh A. AlquraishiZoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaAhmed AlfarhanZoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaKhaled A. S. Al‐RasheidZoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaÉric CrubézyLaboratoire d’Anthropobiologie Moléculaire et d’Imagerie de Synthèse UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, FranceNorbert BeneckeGerman Archaeological Institute, Department of Natural Sciences, 14195 Berlin, GermanySandra L. OlsenBiodiversity Institute–Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USADorcas BrownAnthropology Department, Hartwick College, Oneonta, NY 13820, USADavid W. AnthonyAnthropology Department, Hartwick College, Oneonta, NY 13820, USAKen MassyInstitute for Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology and Archaeology of the Roman Provinces, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80799 München, GermanyVladimir V. PitulkoInstitute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 191186, RussiaAleksei KasparovInstitute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 191186, RussiaГ. БремInstitute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, AustriaMichael HofreiterInstitute for Biochemistry and Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, GermanyGulmira MukhtarovaIssyk State Historical-Cultural Reserve Museum, 040400 Almaty Region, Enbekshikazak District, KazakhstanNurbol BaimukhanovShejire DNA Project, 050046 Almaty, KazakhstanLembi LõugasArchaeological Research Collection, Tallinn University, 10130 Tallinn, EstoniaVedat OnarOsteoarchaeology Practice and Research Center and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, 34320 Avcılar Istanbul, TurkeyPhilipp W. StockhammerDepartment of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, GermanyJohannes KrauseDepartment of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, GermanyBazartseren BoldgivEcology Group, Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14201, MongoliaSainbileg UndrakhboldEcology Group, Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14201, MongoliaDiimaajav ErdenebaatarSébastien LepetzCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique, Sociétés, Pratiques et Environnements, UMR 7209, 75005 Paris, FranceMarjan MashkourArchaeozoology section, Archaeometry Laboratory, University of Tehran, Tehran CP1417634934, IranArne LudwigDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, 10315 Berlin, GermanyBarbara WallnerInstitute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, AustriaVictor MerzS.Toraighyrov Pavlodar State University, Joint Research Center for Archeological Studies, 637000 Pavlodar, KazakhstanIlja MerzS.Toraighyrov Pavlodar State University, Joint Research Center for Archeological Studies, 637000 Pavlodar, KazakhstanViktor ZaibertScientific Research Institute of Archaeology and Steppe Civilizations, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, 050040 Almaty, KazakhstanEske WillerslevCentre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, 1350K Copenhagen, DenmarkPablo LibradoCentre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, 1350K Copenhagen, DenmarkAlan K. OutramDepartment of Archaeology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QE, UKLudovic OrlandoCentre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, 1350K Copenhagen, Denmark
2018en
ABI
Annotatsiya
The Eneolithic Botai culture of the Central Asian steppes provides the earliest archaeological evidence for horse husbandry, ~5500 years ago, but the exact nature of early horse domestication remains controversial. We generated 42 ancient-horse genomes, including 20 from Botai. Compared to 46 published ancient- and modern-horse genomes, our data indicate that Przewalski's horses are the feral descendants of horses herded at Botai and not truly wild horses. All domestic horses dated from ~4000 years ago to present only show ~2.7% of Botai-related ancestry. This indicates that a massive genomic turnover underpins the expansion of the horse stock that gave rise to modern domesticates, which coincides with large-scale human population expansions during the Early Bronze Age.
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