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Evidence for a Supernova Associated with the X‐Ray Flash 020903

D. BersierSpace Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218A. S. FruchterSpace Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218L.‐G. StrolgerSpace Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218J. GorosabelInstituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), P.O. Box 03004, E-18080 Granada, SpainA. LevanDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UKI. BurudSpace Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218J. E. RhoadsSpace Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218A. C. BeckerDepartment of Astronomy, University of Washington, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195A. CassanInstitut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Boulevard Arago, F-75014 Paris, FranceR. ChornockDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411S. CovinoINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate (LC), ItalyR. S. de JongSpace Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218D. DominisAstrophysikalische Institut Potsdam, An der Sternwarte 16, D-14482 Potsdam, GermanyA. V. FilippenkoDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411J. HjorthDark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100, Copenhagen, DenmarkJ. HolmbergTuorla Observatory, Väisäläntie 20, FI-21500, Piikkiö, FinlandD. MalesaniInternational School for Advanced Studies (SISSA-ISAS), via Beirut 2-4, I-34014 Trieste, ItalyB. MobasherSpace Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218K. A. G. OlsenCerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, ChileM. StefanonINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate (LC), ItalyJ. M. Castro CeronDark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100, Copenhagen, DenmarkJ. P. U. FynboDark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100, Copenhagen, DenmarkS. T. HollandSwift Science Center, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 660.1, Greenbelt, MD 20771-0003C. KouveliotouNASA Marshall Space Flight Center, NSSTC, SD-50, 320 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, AL 35805H. PedersenAstrophysikalische Institut Potsdam, An der Sternwarte 16, D-14482 Potsdam, GermanyN. R. TanvirCentre for Astrophysics Research, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UKS. E. WoosleyDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064

2006en

ABI

Annotatsiya

We present ground-based and Hubble Space Telescope optical observations of the X-ray flash (XRF) 020903, covering 300 days. The afterglow showed a very rapid rise in the first day, followed by a relatively slow decay in the next few days. There was a clear bump in the light curve after ~25 days, accompanied by a drastic change in the spectral energy distribution. The light curve and the spectral energy distribution are naturally interpreted as the emergence -- and subsequent decay -- of a supernova (SN), similar to SN 1998bw. At peak luminosity, the SN is estimated to be 0.8 +/- 0.1 mag fainter than SN1998bw. This argues in favor of the existence of a supernova associated with this X-ray flash. A spectrum obtained 35 days after the burst shows emission lines from the host galaxy. We use this spectrum to put an upper limit on the oxygen abundance of the host at [O/H] < -0.6 dex. We also discuss a possible trend between the softness of several bursts and the early behavior of the optical afterglow, in the sense that XRFs and X-ray rich GRBs seem to have a plateau phase or even a rising light curve. This can be naturally explained in models where XRFs are similar to GRBs but seen off the jet axis.

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DOI: 10.1086/502640

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