Maqola

The<i>Swift</i>Gamma‐Ray Burst Mission

N. GehrelsNASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771G. ChincariniDipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, via G. Celoria, 16, I-20133 Milan, ItalyP. GiommiAgenzia Spaziale Italiana, Science Data Center, Via di Villa Grazioli, I-00198 Rome, ItalyK. O. MasonMullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, RH5 6NT Surrey, UKJ. A. NousekDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802A. A. WellsSpace Research Centre, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, UKN. E. WhiteNASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771A. P. BeardmoreNASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771D. N. BurrowsDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802L. R. CominskyDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928-3609K. HurleyF. E. MarshallNASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771P. MészárosDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802P. W. A. RomingDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802L. AngeliniNASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771L. BarbierNASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771T. BelloniOsservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via Brera 28, I-20121 Milan, ItalyS. CampanaOsservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via Brera 28, I-20121 Milan, ItalyP. A. CaraveoIstituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Bassini 15, I-20133 Milan, ItalyM. M. ChesterDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802O. CitterioOsservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via Brera 28, I-20121 Milan, ItalyT. ClineNASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771M. CropperMullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, RH5 6NT Surrey, UKJ. R. CummingsNASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771Anthony J. DeanDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Highfield, S017 1BJ Southampton, UKEric D. FeigelsonDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802E. E. FenimoreLos Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545D. A. FrailNational Radio Astronomy Observatory, P.O. Box O, 1003 Lopezville Road, Socorro, NM 87801A. S. FruchterSpace Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218G. P. GarmireDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802Keith C. GendreauNASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771G. GhiselliniOsservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via Brera 28, I-20121 Milan, ItalyJ. GreinerMax-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse Postfach 1312, D-85748 Garching, GermanyJ. E. HillDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802S. HunsbergerDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802H. A. KrimmNASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771S. R. KulkarniAstronomy Option, California Institute of Technology, MS 105-24, Pasadena, CA 91125Pawan KumarDepartment of Astronomy, University of Texas, RLM 15.308, Austin, TX 78712-1083F. LebrunCommissariat a l'Energie Atomique, DSM/DAPNIA/SAP, Centre d’Etudes de Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette Cedex, FranceNicole M. Lloyd-RonningCanadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, McClennan Laboratories, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto ON M5S 3H8, CanadaC. B. MarkwardtDepartment of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2421B. J. MattsonNASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771R. F. MushotzkyNASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771J. P. NorrisNASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771J. P. OsborneDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, LE1 7RH Leicester, UKB. PaczyńskiPrinceton University Observatory, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544-1001D. M. PalmerLos Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545Hae‐Sim ParkLawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of California, P.O. Box 808, L-413, Livermore, CA 94551A. ParsonsNASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771Jacques PaulCommissariat a l'Energie Atomique, DSM/DAPNIA/SAP, Centre d’Etudes de Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette Cedex, FranceM. J. ReesInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, CB3 0HA Cambridge, UKC. S. ReynoldsDepartment of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2421James E. RhoadsSpace Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218T. P. SasseenDepartment of Physics, University of California, Broida Hall, Building 572, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530Bradley E. SchaeferDepartment of Astronomy, University of Texas, RLM 15.308, Austin, TX 78712-1083Alexander T. ShortDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, LE1 7RH Leicester, UKA. P. SmaleNASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771I. A. SmithDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, MS 61, 6100 South Main, Houston, TX 77005-1892L. StellaOsservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Sede di Monteporzio Catone, Via di Frascati, 33, I-00040 Rome, ItalyG. TagliaferriOsservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via Brera 28, I-20121 Milan, ItalyTadayuki TakahashiDepartment of Physics, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, 113 Tokyo, JapanM. TashiroDepartment of Physics, Saitama University, Sakura, Saitama, JapanLeisa K. TownsleyDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802J. TuellerNASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771Martin TurnerDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, LE1 7RH Leicester, UKM. VietriOsservatorio Astronomico di Arcetri, Università degli Studi di Firenzi, Largo Enrico Fermi, 5, I-50125 Florence, ItalyW. VogesMax-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse Postfach 1312, D-85748 Garching, GermanyM. J. WardDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, LE1 7RH Leicester, UKR. WillingaleSpace Research Centre, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, UKF. M. ZerbiOsservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via Brera 28, I-20121 Milan, ItalyW. W. ZhangNASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771

2004en

ABI

Annotatsiya

The Swift mission, scheduled for launch in 2004, is a multiwavelength observatory for gamma-ray burst (GRB) astronomy. It is a first-of-its-kind autonomous rapid-slewing satellite for transient astronomy and pioneers the way for future rapid-reaction and multiwavelength missions. It will be far more powerful than any previous GRB mission, observing more than 100 bursts yr-1 and performing detailed X-ray and UV/optical afterglow observations spanning timescales from 1 minute to several days after the burst. The objectives are to (1) determine the origin of GRBs, (2) classify GRBs and search for new types, (3) study the interaction of the ultrarelativistic outflows of GRBs with their surrounding medium, and (4) use GRBs to study the early universe out to z > 10. The mission is being developed by a NASA-led international collaboration. It will carry three instruments: a new-generation wide-field gamma-ray (15-150 keV) detector that will detect bursts, calculate 1'-4' positions, and trigger autonomous spacecraft slews; a narrow-field X-ray telescope that will give 5'' positions and perform spectroscopy in the 0.2-10 keV band; and a narrow-field UV/optical telescope that will operate in the 170-600 nm band and provide 0farcs3 positions and optical finding charts. Redshift determinations will be made for most bursts. In addition to the primary GRB science, the mission will perform a hard X-ray survey to a sensitivity of ~1 mcrab (~2 × 10-11 ergs cm-2 s-1 in the 15-150 keV band), more than an order of magnitude better than HEAO 1 A-4. A flexible data and operations system will allow rapid follow-up observations of all types of high-energy transients, with rapid data downlink and uplink available through the NASA TDRSS system. Swift transient data will be rapidly distributed to the astronomical community, and all interested observers are encouraged to participate in follow-up measurements. A Guest Investigator program for the mission will provide funding for community involvement. Innovations from the Swift program applicable to the future include (1) a large-area gamma-ray detector using the new CdZnTe detectors, (2) an autonomous rapid-slewing spacecraft, (3) a multiwavelength payload combining optical, X-ray, and gamma-ray instruments, (4) an observing program coordinated with other ground-based and space-based observatories, and (5) immediate multiwavelength data flow to the community. The mission is currently funded for 2 yr of operations, and the spacecraft will have a lifetime to orbital decay of ~8 yr.

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Identifikatorlar

DOI: 10.1086/422091

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