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Multiwavelength Observations of a Dramatic High‐Energy Flare in the Blazar 3C 279

A. E. WehrleInfrared Processing Analysis Center, MC 100-22, Jet Propulsion Laboratory and California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125E. PianITESRE-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, ItalyC. M. UrrySpace Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218L. MaraschiOsservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, I-20121 Milan, ItalyI. M. McHardyDepartment of Physics, University of Southampton, Southampton SO9 5NH, England, UKA. J. LawsonDepartment of Physics, University of Southampton, Southampton SO9 5NH, England, UKG. GhiselliniOsservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Bianchi 46, I-22055 Merate (Lecco), ItalyR. C. HartmanNASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771G. M. MadejskiNASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771F. MakinoAlan P. MarscherDepartment of Astronomy, Boston University, 725 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215S. J. WagnerJ. R. WebbDepartment of Physics, Florida International University, University Park, Miami, FL 33199G. AlderingUniversity of Minnesota, Department of Astronomy, 116 Church Street, SE Minneapolis, MN 55455M. F. AllerUniversity of Michigan, Physics and Astronomy, 817 Dennison Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109H. D. AllerUniversity of Michigan, Physics and Astronomy, 817 Dennison Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109D. E. BackmanFranklin & Marshall College, Physics and Astronomy Department, P.O. Box 3003, Lancaster, PA 17604-3003T. J. BalonekColgate University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY 13346-1398P. BoltwoodJ. T. BonnellNASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771J. CaplingerNASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771A. CelottiSISSA/ISAS, Via Beirut 2-4, I-34014 Miramare-Grignano (Trieste), ItalyW. CollmarMax Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse, D-85740 Garching, GermanyJ. B. DaltonFranklin & Marshall College, Physics and Astronomy Department, P.O. Box 3003, Lancaster, PA 17604-3003A. DruckerFranklin & Marshall College, Physics and Astronomy Department, P.O. Box 3003, Lancaster, PA 17604-3003R. FalomoOsservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, ItalyC. E. FichtelNASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771W. FreudlingSpace Telescope European Coordinating Facility, Karl-Schwarzschild Strasse 2, D-85748 Garching, GermanyW. K. GearCentre for Astrophysics, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, England, UKN. GonzalesInstituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200, La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainPatrick B. HallSteward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721H. InoueW. N. JohnsonNaval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue, SW Washington, DC 20375-5352Demosthenes KazanasNASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771M. KidgerInstituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200, La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainT. KiiR. I. KollgaardFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Kirk Road and Pine Street, Batavia, IL 60510Y. KondoNASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771J. D. KurfessNaval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue, SW Washington, DC 20375-5352Y. C. LinW. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory and Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305B. McCollumNASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771K. McNaron‐BrownNaval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue, SW Washington, DC 20375-5352F. NagaseA. D. NairDepartment of Astronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32601Steven V. PentonUniversity of Colorado, JILA, Campus Box 440, Boulder, CO 80309-0440Joseph E. PescePennsylvania State University, Deptartment of Astronomy, 525 Davey Lab, University Park, PA 16802M. PohlMax Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse, D-85740 Garching, GermanyC. M. RaiteriOsservatorio Astronomico di Torino, Strada Osservatorio 20, I-10025 Pino Torinese, ItalyM. RendaFranklin & Marshall College, Physics and Astronomy Department, P.O. Box 3003, Lancaster, PA 17604-3003E. I. RobsonCentre for Astrophysics, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, England, UKR. M. SambrunaNASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771A. F. SchirmerColgate University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY 13346-1398C. R. ShraderNASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771M. SikoraCopernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, PolandA. SillanpääPaul S. SmithJ. A. StevensJoint Astronomy Centre, 660 North Aohoku Place, University Park, Hilo, HI 96720John T. StockeUniversity of Colorado, JILA, Campus Box 440, Boulder, CO 80309-0440L. O. TakaloH. TeräsrantaMetsähovi Radio Research Station, 02540 Kylmala, FinlandD. J. ThompsonNASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771R. ThompsonNASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771M. TornikoskiMetsähovi Radio Research Station, 02540 Kylmala, FinlandG. TostiOsservatorio Astronomico, Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, ItalyA. TrevesDepartment of Physics, University of Milan at Como, Via Lucini 3, I-22100 Como, ItalyP. TurcotteFranklin & Marshall College, Physics and Astronomy Department, P.O. Box 3003, Lancaster, PA 17604-3003S. C. UnwinMS 306-388, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109E. ValtaojaMetsähovi Radio Research Station, 02540 Kylmala, FinlandM. VillataOsservatorio Astronomico di Torino, Strada Osservatorio 20, I-10025 Pino Torinese, ItalyW. XuInfrared Processing Analysis Center, MC 100-22, Jet Propulsion Laboratory and California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125Ayumu YamashitaA. C. ZookPomona College, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 610 College Avenue, Claremont, CA 91711-6359

1998en

ABI

Annotatsiya

The blazar 3C 279, one of the brightest identied extragalactic objects in the c-ray sky, underwent a large (factor of D10 in amplitude) are in c-rays toward the end of a 3 week pointing by Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO), in 1996 JanuaryFebruary. The are peak represents the highest c-ray intensity ever recorded for this object. During the high state, extremely rapid c-ray variability was seen, including an increase of a factor of 2.6 in D8 hr, which strengthens the case for relativistic beaming. Coordinated multifrequency observations were carried out with Rossi X-Ray T iming Explorer (RXT E), Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics (ASCA ; or, Astro-D), Roentgen Satellite (ROSAT ), and International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) and from many ground-based observatories, covering most accessible wavelengths. The well-sampled, simultaneous RXT E light curve shows an outburst of lower amplitude (factor of ^3) well correlated with the c-ray are without any lag larger than the temporal resolution of D1 day. The optical-UV light curves, which are not well sampled during the high-energy are, exhibit more modest variations (factor of D2) and a lower degree of correlation. The ux at millimetric wavelengths was near a historical maximum during the c-ray are peak, and there is a suggestion of a correlated decay. We present simultaneous spectral energy distributions of 3C 279 prior to and near to the are peak. The c-rays vary by more than the square of the observed IRoptical ux change, which poses some problems for specic blazar emission models. The synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model would require that the largest synchrotron variability occurred in the mostly unobserved submillimeter/ far-infrared region. Alternatively, a large variation in the external photon eld could occur over a timescale of a few days. This occurs naturally in the "" mirror model, wherein the aring region in the jet photoionizes nearby broad emission line clouds, which, in turn, provide soft external photons that are Comptonized to c-ray energies.

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DOI: 10.1086/305461

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