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ON THE LOCATION OF THE γ-RAY OUTBURST EMISSION IN THE BL LACERTAE OBJECT AO 0235+164 THROUGH OBSERVATIONS ACROSS THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

I. AgudoInstitute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, 725 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USAAlan P. MarscherInstitute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, 725 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USAS. G. JorstadAstronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskij Pr. 28, Petrodvorets, 198504 St. Petersburg, RussiaV. M. LarionovAstronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskij Pr. 28, Petrodvorets, 198504 St. Petersburg, RussiaJosé L. GómezInstituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC, Apartado 3004, 18080 Granada, Spain; [email protected]A. LähteenmäkiAalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Metsähovintie 114, FIN-02540 Kylmälä, FinlandPaul S. SmithSteward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USAK. NilssonFinnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), University of Turku, Väisäläntie 20, FIN-21500 Piikkiö, FinlandA. C. S. ReadheadCahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Mail Code 222, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAM. F. AllerDepartment of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 817 Dennison Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48 109, USAJ. HeidtMark GurwellHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USAClemens ThumInstitut de Radio Astronomie Millimétrique, 300 Rue de la Piscine, 38406 St. Martin d’Hères, FranceA. E. WehrleSpace Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, USAM. G. NikolashviliAbastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, 0301 Abastumani, GeorgiaH. D. AllerDepartment of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 817 Dennison Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48 109, USAE. BenítezInstituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 México D. F., MexicoD. BlinovAstronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskij Pr. 28, Petrodvorets, 198504 St. Petersburg, RussiaV. A. Hagen‐ThornAstronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskij Pr. 28, Petrodvorets, 198504 St. Petersburg, RussiaD. HiriartInstituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2280 Ensenada, MexicoBuell T. JannuziNational Optical Astronomy Observatory, KPNO, Tucson, AZ 85726, USAM. JoshiInstitute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, 725 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USAGivi N. KimeridzeAbastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, 0301 Abastumani, GeorgiaO. M. KurtanidzeAbastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, 0301 Abastumani, GeorgiaS. O. KurtanidzeAbastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, 0301 Abastumani, GeorgiaE. LindforsTuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Väisäläntie 20, FIN-21500 Piikkiö, FinlandS. N. MolinaInstituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC, Apartado 3004, 18080 Granada, Spain; [email protected]D. A. MorozovaAstronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskij Pr. 28, Petrodvorets, 198504 St. Petersburg, RussiaElina NieppolaAalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Metsähovintie 114, FIN-02540 Kylmälä, FinlandAlice OlmsteadInstitute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, 725 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USAR. ReinthalTuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Väisäläntie 20, FIN-21500 Piikkiö, FinlandMar Roca-SogorbInstituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC, Apartado 3004, 18080 Granada, Spain; [email protected]Gary D. SchmidtNational Science Foundation, 4201 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, VA 22230, USAL. A. SiguaAbastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, 0301 Abastumani, GeorgiaAimo SillanpääTuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Väisäläntie 20, FIN-21500 Piikkiö, FinlandLeo O. TakaloTuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Väisäläntie 20, FIN-21500 Piikkiö, FinlandBrian TaylorInstitute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, 725 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USAM. TornikoskiAalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Metsähovintie 114, FIN-02540 Kylmälä, FinlandI. S. TroitskyAstronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskij Pr. 28, Petrodvorets, 198504 St. Petersburg, RussiaA. C. ZookDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Pomona College, Claremont, CA 91711, USAH. WiesemeyerInstituto de Radio Astronomía Milimétrica, Avenida Divina Pastora, 7, Local 20, E-18012 Granada, Spain

2011en

ABI

Annotatsiya

We present observations of a major outburst at centimeter, millimeter, optical, X-ray, and γ-ray wavelengths of the BL Lacertae object AO 0235+164. We analyze the timing of multi-waveband variations in the flux and linear polarization, as well as changes in Very Long Baseline Array images at λ = 7 mm with ~0.15 milliarcsec resolution. The association of the events at different wavebands is confirmed at high statistical significance by probability arguments and Monte Carlo simulations. A series of sharp peaks in optical linear polarization, as well as a pronounced maximum in the 7 mm polarization of a superluminal jet knot, indicate rapid fluctuations in the degree of ordering of the magnetic field. These results lead us to conclude that the outburst occurred in the jet both in the quasi-stationary "core" and in the superluminal knot, both parsecs downstream of the supermassive black hole. We interpret the outburst as a consequence of the propagation of a disturbance, elongated along the line of sight by light-travel time delays, that passes through a standing recollimation shock in the core and propagates down the jet to create the superluminal knot. The multi-wavelength light curves vary together on long timescales (months/years), but the correspondence is poorer on shorter timescales. This, as well as the variability of the polarization and the dual location of the outburst, agrees with the expectations of a multi-zone emission model in which turbulence plays a major role in modulating the synchrotron and inverse Compton fluxes.

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DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/735/1/l10

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