The impact of renewable energy, trade, economic growth on CO₂emissions in China

This study examines the linkage of per capita carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, real GDP, renewable and non-renewable energy use and trade (exports and imports) in China covering 1965–2016. Long-run estimates present the invalidation of inverted U-shaped hypothetical environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) in three models based on the equations of import, export, and trade openness (% of trade in GDP), respectively. Long-run Granger causalities exist in the equations of emissions, real GDP, and non-renewable energy, respectively. Non-renewable energy conservation policy not only affects economic activity, but also influences CO2 emissions. The effect of renewable energy policy on CO2 emissions reduction is a long-term process.

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