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Complexity of Coupled Human and Natural Systems

Jianguo LiuCenter for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USAThomas DietzCenter for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USAStephen R. CarpenterCenter for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USAMarina AlbertiCenter for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USACarl FolkeCenter for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USAEmilio F. MoránCenter for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USAAlice N. PellCenter for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USAPeter DeadmanCenter for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USATimothy K. KratzCenter for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USAJane LubchencoCenter for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USAЭлинор ОстромCenter for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USAZhiyun OuyangCenter for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USAWilliam ProvencherCenter for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USACharles L. RedmanCenter for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USAStephen H. SchneiderCenter for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USAWilliam W. TaylorCenter for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA

2007en

ABI

Annotatsiya

Integrated studies of coupled human and natural systems reveal new and complex patterns and processes not evident when studied by social or natural scientists separately. Synthesis of six case studies from around the world shows that couplings between human and natural systems vary across space, time, and organizational units. They also exhibit nonlinear dynamics with thresholds, reciprocal feedback loops, time lags, resilience, heterogeneity, and surprises. Furthermore, past couplings have legacy effects on present conditions and future possibilities.

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Identifikatorlar

DOI: 10.1126/science.1144004

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