GROWTH on S190425z: Searching Thousands of Square Degrees to Identify an Optical or Infrared Counterpart to a Binary Neutron Star Merger with the Zwicky Transient Facility and Palomar Gattini-IR
M. W. CoughlinDivision of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USATomás AhumadaDepartment of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USAShreya AnandDivision of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAKishalay DeDivision of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAM. HankinsDivision of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAM. M. KasliwalDivision of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAL. P. SingerJoint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USAE. BellmDIRAC Institute, Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, 3910 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USAIgor AndreoniDivision of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAS. B. CenkoAstrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, MC 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USAJeff CookeCentre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, AustraliaC. CopperwheatAstrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, IC2, Liverpool Science Park, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UKA. DugasDivision of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAJ. E. JencsonDivision of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAD. A. PerleyAstrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, IC2, Liverpool Science Park, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UKP.-C. YuGraduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, 32001, TaiwanV. BhaleraoIndian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, IndiaHarsh KumarIndian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, IndiaJ. S. BloomPhysics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 50B-4206, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAG. C. AnupamaIndian Institute of Astrophysics, II Block Koramangala, Bengaluru 560034, IndiaM. C. B. AshleySchool of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, AustraliaAshot BagdasaryanDivision of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USARahul BiswasThe Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, SwedenD. A. H. BuckleySouthern African Large Telescope Foundation, P.O. Box 9, Observatory 7935, Cape Town, South AfricaKevin B. BurdgeDivision of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAD. O. CookIPAC, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAJohn CromerCaltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAVirginia CunninghamDepartment of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USAA. D’AìINAF/IASF-Palermo, via Ugo La Malfa 153, I-90146, Palermo, ItalyRichard DekanyCaltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAAlexandre DelacroixCaltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAS. DichiaraDepartment of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USADmitry A. DuevDivision of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAAnirban DuttaIndian Institute of Astrophysics, II Block Koramangala, Bengaluru 560034, IndiaMichael FeeneyCaltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USASara FrederickDepartment of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USAPradip GatkineDepartment of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USAS. GhoshCenter for Gravitation, Cosmology and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, P.O. Box 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USAD. A. GoldsteinDivision of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAV. Z. GolkhouThe eScience Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USAA. GoobarAlbaNovaM. J. GrahamDivision of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAH. HanayamaIshigakijima Astronomical Observatory, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 1024-1 Arakawa, Ishigaki, Okinawa 907-0024, JapanTakashi HoriuchiIshigakijima Astronomical Observatory, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 1024-1 Arakawa, Ishigaki, Okinawa 907-0024, JapanT. HungDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USASaurabh W. JhaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USAA. K. H. KongInstitute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, TaiwanM. GiomiHumboldt Universitaet zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, D-12489 Berlin, GermanyD. L. KaplanCenter for Gravitation, Cosmology and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, P.O. Box 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USAViraj KarambelkarIndian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, IndiaM. KowalskiDeutsches Elektronensynchrotron, Platanenallee 6, D-15738, Zeuthen, GermanyS. R. KulkarniDivision of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAT. KupferKavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USAFrank J. MasciIPAC, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAP. A. MazzaliAstrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, IC2, Liverpool Science Park, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UKAnna MooreResearch School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2611, AustraliaMoses MogotsiSouthern African Large Telescope Foundation, P.O. Box 9, Observatory 7935, Cape Town, South AfricaJames D. NeillDivision of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAChow‐Choong NgeowGraduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, 32001, TaiwanJorge Martínez-PalomeraDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USAV. La ParolaINAF/IASF-Palermo, via Ugo La Malfa 153, I-90146, Palermo, ItalyM. PavanaIndian Institute of Astrophysics, II Block Koramangala, Bengaluru 560034, IndiaE. O. OfekDepartment of Particle Physics & Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelAtharva PatilGraduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, 32001, TaiwanReed RiddleCaltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAM. RigaultUniversité Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, FranceBen RusholmeIPAC, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAEugene SerabynJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USAD. L. ShupeIPAC, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAY. SharmaIndian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, IndiaAvinash SinghIndian Institute of Astrophysics, II Block Koramangala, Bengaluru 560034, IndiaJ. SollermanThe Oskar Klein Centre & Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, SwedenJamie SoonResearch School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2611, AustraliaKai StaatsCenter for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USAK. TaggartAstrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, IC2, Liverpool Science Park, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UKHanjie TanGraduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, 32001, TaiwanTony TravouillonResearch School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2611, AustraliaE. TrojaAstrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, MC 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USAG. WaratkarIndian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, IndiaYoichi YatsuDepartment of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
2019en
ABI
Annotatsiya
Abstract The third observing run by LVC has brought the discovery of many compact binary coalescences. Following the detection of the first binary neutron star merger in this run (LIGO/Virgo S190425z), we performed a dedicated follow-up campaign with the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) and Palomar Gattini-IR telescopes. The initial skymap of this single-detector gravitational wave (GW) trigger spanned most of the sky observable from Palomar Observatory. Covering 8000 deg 2 of the initial skymap over the next two nights, corresponding to 46% integrated probability, ZTF system achieved a depth of ≈21 m AB in g - and r -bands. Palomar Gattini-IR covered 2200 square degrees in J -band to a depth of 15.5 mag, including 32% integrated probability based on the initial skymap. The revised skymap issued the following day reduced these numbers to 21% for the ZTF and 19% for Palomar Gattini-IR. We narrowed 338,646 ZTF transient “alerts” over the first two nights of observations to 15 candidate counterparts. Two candidates, ZTF19aarykkb and ZTF19aarzaod, were particularly compelling given that their location, distance, and age were consistent with the GW event, and their early optical light curves were photometrically consistent with that of kilonovae. These two candidates were spectroscopically classified as young core-collapse supernovae. The remaining candidates were ruled out as supernovae. Palomar Gattini-IR did not identify any viable candidates with multiple detections only after merger time. We demonstrate that even with single-detector GW events localized to thousands of square degrees, systematic kilonova discovery is feasible.
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