Thermal state entanglement in harmonic lattices

We investigate the entanglement properties of thermal states of the harmonic lattice in one, two, and three dimensions. We establish the value of the critical temperature for entanglement between neighboring sites and give physical reasons. Further sites are shown to be entangled only due to boundary effects. Other forms of entanglement are addressed in the second part of the paper by using the energy as witness of entanglement. We close with a comprehensive diagram showing the different phases of entanglement versus complete separability and propose techniques to swap and tune entanglement experimentally.

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