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Mass calibration of distant SPT galaxy clusters through expanded weak-lensing follow-up observations with <i>HST</i>, VLT, &amp; Gemini-South

T. SchrabbackArgelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn , Auf dem Hügel 71, D-53121 Bonn, GermanyS. BocquetExcellence Cluster ORIGINS , Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748 Garching, GermanyMartin W. SommerArgelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn , Auf dem Hügel 71, D-53121 Bonn, GermanyH. ZohrenArgelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn , Auf dem Hügel 71, D-53121 Bonn, GermanyJ L van den BuschArgelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn , Auf dem Hügel 71, D-53121 Bonn, GermanyBeatriz Hernández-MartínArgelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn , Auf dem Hügel 71, D-53121 Bonn, GermanyHenk HoekstraLeiden Observatory, Leiden University , Niels Bohrweg 2, NL-2300 CA Leiden, the NetherlandsSelim RaihanArgelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn , Auf dem Hügel 71, D-53121 Bonn, GermanyM. SchirmerMax-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, GermanyDouglas ApplegateArgelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn , Auf dem Hügel 71, D-53121 Bonn, GermanyMatthew BaylissDepartment of Physics, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, OH 45221, USAB. A. BensonDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USAL. E. BleemArgonne National Laboratory , 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USAJ. P. DietrichExcellence Cluster ORIGINS , Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748 Garching, GermanyBenjamin FloydDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri–Kansas City , 5110 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO 64110, USAStefan HilbertExcellence Cluster ORIGINS , Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748 Garching, GermanyJulie Hlavacek-LarrondoDépartement de Physique , Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, CanadaM. McDonaldMIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research , Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USAA. SaroAstronomy Unit, Department of Physics, University of Trieste , via Tiepolo 11, I-34131 Trieste, ItalyA. A. StarkCenter for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street | MS 42 | Cambridge , MA 02138, USAN WeissgerberArgelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn , Auf dem Hügel 71, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
2021en
ABI

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ABSTRACT Expanding from previous work, we present weak-lensing (WL) measurements for a total sample of 30 distant (zmedian = 0.93) massive galaxy clusters from the South Pole Telescope Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SPT-SZ) Survey, measuring galaxy shapes in Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Advanced Camera for Surveys images. We remove cluster members and preferentially select z ≳ 1.4 background galaxies via V − I colour, employing deep photometry from VLT/FORS2 and Gemini-South/GMOS. We apply revised calibrations for the WL shape measurements and the source redshift distribution to estimate the cluster masses. In combination with earlier Magellan/Megacam results for lower-redshifts clusters, we infer refined constraints on the scaling relation between the SZ detection significance and the cluster mass, in particular regarding its redshift evolution. The mass scale inferred from the WL data is lower by a factor $0.76^{+0.10}_{-0.14}$ (at our pivot redshift z = 0.6) compared to what would be needed to reconcile a flat Planck νΛCDM cosmology (in which the sum of the neutrino masses is a free parameter) with the observed SPT-SZ cluster counts. In order to sensitively test the level of (dis-)agreement between SPT clusters and Planck, further expanded WL follow-up samples are needed.

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