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An investigation into the reactions of biochar in soil

Stephen JosephASchool of Material Science and Engineering, University of NSW, Sydney 2052, AustraliaM. Camps-ArbestainBNew Zealand Biochar Research Centre, Private Bag 11222, Massey University, 4442 Palmerston North, New ZealandYunqin LinASchool of Material Science and Engineering, University of NSW, Sydney 2052, AustraliaPaul MunroeASchool of Material Science and Engineering, University of NSW, Sydney 2052, AustraliaChee H. ChiaASchool of Material Science and Engineering, University of NSW, Sydney 2052, AustraliaJames M. HookCNMR Facility, Analytical Centre, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, AustraliaLukas Van ZwietenDIndustry and Investment NSW, Wollongbar, NSW 2477, AustraliaStephen KimberDIndustry and Investment NSW, Wollongbar, NSW 2477, AustraliaAnnette CowieENational Centre for Rural Greenhouse Gas Research, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, AustraliaB. P. SinghFForest Science Centre, Industry and Investment NSW, PO Box 100, Beecroft, NSW 2119, AustraliaJohannes LehmannGDepartment of Crop and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USANikolaus FoidlHVenearth LLC, San Francisco, USARonald J. SmernikISchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, DP 636, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, AustraliaJames E. AmonetteJPacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA

2010en

ABI

Annotatsiya

Interactions between biochar, soil, microbes, and plant roots may occur within a short period of time after application to the soil. The extent, rates, and implications of these interactions, however, are far from understood. This review describes the properties of biochars and suggests possible reactions that may occur after the addition of biochars to soil. These include dissolution–precipitation, adsorption–desorption, acid–base, and redox reactions. Attention is given to reactions occurring within pores, and to interactions with roots, microorganisms, and soil fauna. Examination of biochars (from chicken litter, greenwaste, and paper mill sludges) weathered for 1 and 2 years in an Australian Ferrosol provides evidence for some of the mechanisms described in this review and offers an insight to reactions at a molecular scale. These interactions are biochar- and site-specific. Therefore, suitable experimental trials—combining biochar types and different pedoclimatic conditions—are needed to determine the extent to which these reactions influence the potential of biochar as a soil amendment and tool for carbon sequestration.

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DOI: 10.1071/sr10009

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