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ROS and the DNA damage response in cancer

Upadhyayula Sai SrinivasCancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, SingaporeBryce Wei Quan TanCancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, SingaporeBalamurugan VellayappanDepartment of Radiation Oncology, National University Hospital, SingaporeAnand D. JeyasekharanCancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Hospital, Singapore. Electronic address: [email protected]

2018en

ABI

Annotatsiya

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a group of short-lived, highly reactive, oxygen-containing molecules that can induce DNA damage and affect the DNA damage response (DDR). There is unequivocal pre-clinical and clinical evidence that ROS influence the genotoxic stress caused by chemotherapeutics agents and ionizing radiation. Recent studies have provided mechanistic insight into how ROS can also influence the cellular response to DNA damage caused by genotoxic therapy, especially in the context of Double Strand Breaks (DSBs). This has led to the clinical evaluation of agents modulating ROS in combination with genotoxic therapy for cancer, with mixed success so far. These studies point to context dependent outcomes with ROS modulator combinations with Chemotherapy and radiotherapy, indicating a need for additional pre-clinical research in the field. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on the effect of ROS in the DNA damage response, and its clinical relevance.

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DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.101084

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