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Ten species in one: DNA barcoding reveals cryptic species in the neotropical skipper butterfly <i>Astraptes fulgerator</i>

Paul D. N. HebertDepartment of Zoology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1; Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560-0127; and Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104Erin H. PentonDepartment of Zoology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1; Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560-0127; and Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104John M. BurnsUniversity of GuelphDaniel H. JanzenDepartment of Zoology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1; Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560-0127; and Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104Winnie HallwachsDepartment of Zoology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1; Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560-0127; and Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104

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Annotatsiya

Astraptes fulgerator, first described in 1775, is a common and widely distributed neotropical skipper butterfly (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). We combine 25 years of natural history observations in northwestern Costa Rica with morphological study and DNA barcoding of museum specimens to show that A. fulgerator is a complex of at least 10 species in this region. Largely sympatric, these taxa have mostly different caterpillar food plants, mostly distinctive caterpillars, and somewhat different ecosystem preferences but only subtly differing adults with no genitalic divergence. Our results add to the evidence that cryptic species are prevalent in tropical regions, a critical issue in efforts to document global species richness. They also illustrate the value of DNA barcoding, especially when coupled with traditional taxonomic tools, in disclosing hidden diversity.

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DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0406166101

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