Charged torus-like black holes as heat engines

Abstract We investigate the thermodynamical properties of charged torus-like black holes and take it as the working substance to study the heat engines. In the extended phase space, by interpreting the cosmological constant as the thermodynamic pressure, we derive the thermodynamical quantities by the first law of black hole thermodynamics and obtain the equation of state. Then, we calculate the efficiency of the heat engine in the Carnot cycle as well as the rectangular cycle, and investigate how the efficiency changes with respect to volume. In addition, to avoid a negative temperature, we emphasize that the charge of this black hole cannot be arbitrary. Last, we check the calculation accuracy of a benchmark scheme and discuss the upper bound and lower bound for charged torus-like black hole in the scheme.

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