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Probing the Na metal solid electrolyte interphase via cryo-transmission electron microscopy

Bing HanDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Solid State Batteries, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, ChinaYucheng ZouDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Solid State Batteries, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, ChinaZhen ZhangDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Solid State Batteries, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, ChinaXuming YangDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Solid State Batteries, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, ChinaXiaobo ShiDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Solid State Batteries, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, ChinaHong MengSchool of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen, ChinaHong WangDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Solid State Batteries, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, ChinaKang XuBattery Science Branch, Sensors and Electron Devices Directorate, US Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USAYonghong DengDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Solid State Batteries, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China. [email protected]Meng GuDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Solid State Batteries, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China. [email protected]

2021en

ABI

Annotatsiya

Abstract Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) is a valuable tool recently proposed to investigate battery electrodes. Despite being employed for Li-based battery materials, cryo-TEM measurements for Na-based electrochemical energy storage systems are not commonly reported. In particular, elucidating the chemical and morphological behavior of the Na-metal electrode in contact with a non-aqueous liquid electrolyte solution could provide useful insights that may lead to a better understanding of metal cells during operation. Here, using cryo-TEM, we investigate the effect of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) additive on the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) structure of a Na-metal electrode. Without FEC, the NaPF 6 -containing carbonate-based electrolyte reacts with the metal electrode to produce an unstable SEI, rich in Na 2 CO 3 and Na 3 PO 4 , which constantly consumes the sodium reservoir of the cell during cycling. When FEC is used, the Na-metal electrode forms a multilayer SEI structure comprising an outer NaF-rich amorphous phase and an inner Na 3 PO 4 phase. This layered structure stabilizes the SEI and prevents further reactions between the electrolyte and the Na metal.

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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23368-6

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