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Releasing Free Radicals in Precursor Triggers the Formation of Closed Pores in Hard Carbon for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Yilin WangCAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan 030001 ChinaZonglin YiCAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan 030001 ChinaLijing XieCAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan 030001 ChinaYixuan MaoCAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan 030001 ChinaWenjun JiCAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan 030001 ChinaZhanjun LiuCAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan 030001 ChinaXianxian WeiSchool of Environment and Resources Taiyuan University of Science and Technology Taiyuan 030024 ChinaFangyuan SuCAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan 030001 ChinaCheng‐Meng ChenCAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan 030001 China

2024en

ABI

Annotatsiya

Abstract Increasing closed pore volume in hard carbon is considered to be the most effective way to enhance the electrochemical performance in sodium‐ion batteries. However, there is a lack of systematic insights into the formation mechanisms of closed pores at molecular level. In this study, a regulation strategy of closed pores via adjustment of the content of free radicals is reported. Sufficient free radicals are exposed by part delignification of bamboo, which is related to the formation of well‐developed carbon layers and rich closed pores. In addition, excessive free radicals from nearly total delignification lead to more reactive sites during pyrolysis, which competes for limited precursor debris to form smaller microcrystals and therefore compact the material. The optimal sample delivers a large closed pore volume of 0.203 cm 3 g −1 , which leads to a high reversible capacity of 350 mAh g −1 at 20 mA g −1 and enhanced Na + transfer kinetics. This work provides insights into the formation mechanisms of closed pores at molecular level, enabling rational design of hard carbon pore structures.

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Identifikatorlar

DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401249

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