Observation of high-energy neutrinos from the Galactic plane
R. AbbasiDepartment of Physics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, USAM. AckermannDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, GermanyJ. AdamsDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New ZealandJ. A. AguilarUniversité Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, BelgiumM. AhlersNiels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, DenmarkM. AhrensOskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, SwedenJean-Marco AlameddineDepartment of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, GermanyA. A. AlvesKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, GermanyN. M. AminBartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USAK. AndeenDepartment of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USAT. AndersonDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, SwedenG. AntonErlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, GermanyC. ArgüellesDepartment of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAYosuke AshidaDepartment of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USAS. AthanasiadouDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, GermanySpencer AxaniDepartment of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USAX. BaiPhysics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USAAswathi BalagopalDepartment of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USAS. W. BarwickDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USAVedant BasuDepartment of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USAS. BaurUniversité Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, BelgiumR. BayDepartment of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAJ. J. BeattyDepartment of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USAK. H. BeckerDepartment of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, GermanyJ. Becker TjusFakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, GermanyJakob BeiseDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, SwedenChiara BellenghiPhysik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, GermanyS. BendaDepartment of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USAS. BenZviDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USAE. BernardiniDepartment of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USAD. BessonDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USAG. BinderDepartment of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAD. BindigDepartment of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, GermanyE. BlaufussDepartment of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USASummer BlotDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, GermanyMatthias BoddenbergPhysikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, GermanyFederico BontempoKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, GermanyJulia BookDepartment of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAJürgen BorowkaPhysikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, GermanyS. BöserInstitute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, GermanyO. BotnerDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, SwedenJ. BöttcherPhysikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, GermanyE. BourbeauNiels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, DenmarkF. BradascioDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, GermanyJ. BraunDepartment of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USABennett BrinsonSchool of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USAS. BronDépartement de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, SwitzerlandJannes Brostean-KaiserDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, GermanyRyan T. BurleyDepartment of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, AustraliaR. S. BusseInstitut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, GermanyMichael CampanaDepartment of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAErin Carnie-BroncaDepartment of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, AustraliaC. ChenSchool of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USAZ. ChenDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800, USAD. ChirkinDepartment of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USAK. ChoiDepartment of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, KoreaBrian ClarkDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USAK. ClarkDepartment of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, CanadaL. ClassenInstitut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, GermanyAlan ColemanBartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USAG. H. CollinDepartment of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USAA. ConnollyDepartment of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USAJ. M. ConradDepartment of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USAPaul CoppinVrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst Elementary Particles, B-1050 Brussels, BelgiumPablo CorreaVrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst Elementary Particles, B-1050 Brussels, BelgiumD. F. CowenDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USAR. CrossDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USAChristian DappenPhysikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, GermanyPranav DaveSchool of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USAC. De ClercqVrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst Elementary Particles, B-1050 Brussels, BelgiumJames DeLaunayDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USAD. Delgado LópezDepartment of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAH.-P. DembinskiBartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USAKunal DeoskarOskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, SwedenAbhishek DesaiDepartment of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USAP. DesiatiDepartment of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USAK. D. de VriesVrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst Elementary Particles, B-1050 Brussels, BelgiumG. de WasseigeCentre for Cosmology, Particle Physics and Phenomenology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, BelgiumT. DeYoungDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USAA. DiazDepartment of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USAJ. C. Díaz–VélezDepartment of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USAM. DittmerInstitut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, GermanyHrvoje DujmovićKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, GermanyM. DunkmanDepartment of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USAM. A. DuVernoisDepartment of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USAThomas EhrhardtInstitute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, GermanyP. EllerPhysik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, GermanyR. EngelKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, GermanyHannah ErpenbeckPhysikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, GermanyJohn EvansDepartment of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USAP. A. EvensonBartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USAKwok Lung FanDepartment of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USAA. R. FazelyDepartment of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USAAnatoli FedynitchInstitute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, TaiwanNora FeiglInstitut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, GermanyC. FinleyErlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, GermanyA. T. FienbergDepartment of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USAL. FischerDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
2023en
ABI
Annotatsiya
The origin of high-energy cosmic rays, atomic nuclei that continuously impact Earth's atmosphere, is unknown. Because of deflection by interstellar magnetic fields, cosmic rays produced within the Milky Way arrive at Earth from random directions. However, cosmic rays interact with matter near their sources and during propagation, which produces high-energy neutrinos. We searched for neutrino emission using machine learning techniques applied to 10 years of data from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. By comparing diffuse emission models to a background-only hypothesis, we identified neutrino emission from the Galactic plane at the 4.5σ level of significance. The signal is consistent with diffuse emission of neutrinos from the Milky Way but could also arise from a population of unresolved point sources.
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