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Epigenetic frontiers: miRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and nanomaterials are pioneering to cancer therapy

Rajkumar PrabhakaranCentral Research Facility, Santosh Deemed to be University, Ghaziabad, UP, IndiaRajkumar ThamaraiUGC Dr. D.S. Kothari Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Animal Science, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627012, IndiaSivabalan SivasamyCentral Research Facility, Santosh Deemed to be University, Ghaziabad, UP, IndiaSivanesan DhandayuthapaniCentral Research Facility, Santosh Deemed to be University, Ghaziabad, UP, IndiaJyoti BatraCentral Research Facility, Santosh Deemed to be University, Ghaziabad, UP, India. [email protected]Chinnaperumal KamarajInterdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India. [email protected]Krishnasamy KarthikDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, IndiaMohd Asif ShahCentre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India. [email protected]Saurav MallikDepartment of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States. [email protected]

2024en

ABI

Annotatsiya

Cancer has arisen from both genetic mutations and epigenetic changes, making epigenetics a crucial area of research for innovative cancer prevention and treatment strategies. This dual perspective has propelled epigenetics into the forefront of cancer research. This review highlights the important roles of DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs, which are key regulators of cancer-related gene expression. It explores the potential of epigenetic-based therapies to revolutionize patient outcomes by selectively modulating specific epigenetic markers involved in tumorigenesis. The review examines promising epigenetic biomarkers for early cancer detection and prognosis. It also highlights recent progress in oligonucleotide-based therapies, including antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and antimiRs, to precisely modulate epigenetic processes. Furthermore, the concept of epigenetic editing is discussed, providing insight into the future role of precision medicine for cancer patients. The integration of nanomedicine into cancer therapy has been explored and offers innovative approaches to improve therapeutic efficacy. This comprehensive review of recent advances in epigenetic-based cancer therapy seeks to advance the field of precision oncology, ultimately culminating in improved patient outcomes in the fight against cancer.

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DOI: 10.1186/s13072-024-00554-6

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