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FROM SHOCK BREAKOUT TO PEAK AND BEYOND: EXTENSIVE PANCHROMATIC OBSERVATIONS OF THE TYPE Ib SUPERNOVA 2008D ASSOCIATED WITH<i>SWIFT</i>X-RAY TRANSIENT 080109

M. ModjazDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA;Wei LiDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA;N. ButlerDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA;R. ChornockDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA;D. A. PerleyDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA;S. BlondinEuropean Southern Observatory (ESO), Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, D-85748 Garching, GermanyJ. S. BloomDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA;A. V. FilippenkoDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA;R. KirshnerHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USAD. KocevskiDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA;D. PoznanskiDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA;M. HickenHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USAR. J. FoleyDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA;Guy S. StringfellowCenter for Astrophysics & Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0389, USAZ. BenkhaldounHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USAD. BarradoLAEX, Centro de Astrobiologa, (INTA-CSIC), Apdo. 78, E-28691 Villanueva de la Caada (Madrid), SpainCullen H. BlakeHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USAH. BouyDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA;Warren R. BrownHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USAP. ChallisHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USAHsiao‐Wen ChenDepartment of Astronomy, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USAW. H. de VriesInstitute for Geophysics and Planetary Physics, LLNL, L-413, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USAP. DufourDepartment of Astronomy, University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Ave. Tucson, AZ 85721, USAE. FalcoHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USAAndrew S. FriedmanHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USAM. GaneshalingamDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA;P. GarnavichDepartment of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USAB. HoldenUniversity of California Observatories -Lick Observatory, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USAG. D. IllingworthUniversity of California Observatories -Lick Observatory, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USAN. LeeDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA;James LiebertDepartment of Astronomy, University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Ave. Tucson, AZ 85721, USAG. H. MarionAstronomy Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USAScot S. OlivierLawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USAJ. X. ProchaskaUniversity of California Observatories -Lick Observatory, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USAJ. M. SilvermanDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA;Nathan SmithDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA;D. StarrDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA;T. N. SteeleDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA;Alan StocktonInstitute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USAG. G. WilliamsSteward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USAW. M. Wood‐VaseyDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, 3941 O'Hara St, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA

2009en

ABI

Annotatsiya

We present extensive early photometric (ultraviolet through near-infrared) and spectroscopic (optical and nearinfrared) data on supernova (SN) 2008D as well as X-ray data analysis on the associated Swift X-ray transient (XRT) 080109. Our data span a time range of 5 hr before the detection of the X-ray transient to 150 days after its detection, and a detailed analysis allowed us to derive constraints on the nature of the SN and its progenitor; throughout we draw comparisons with results presented in the literature and find several key aspects that differ. We show that the X-ray spectrum of XRT 080109 can be fit equally well by an absorbed power law or a superposition of about equal parts of both power law and blackbody. Our data first established that SN 2008D is a spectroscopically normal SN Ib (i.e., showing conspicuous He lines) and showed that SN 2008D had a relatively long rise time of 18 days and a modest optical peak luminosity. The early-time light curves of the SN are dominated by a cooling stellar envelope (for t 0.1-4 days, most pronounced in the blue bands) followed by 56 Ni decay. We construct a reliable measurement of the bolometric output for this strippedenvelope SN, and, combined with estimates of E K and M ej from the literature, estimate the stellar radius R of its probable Wolf-Rayet progenitor. According to the model of Waxman et al. and Chevalier & Fransson, we derive R W07 = 1.2 0.7R and R CF08 = 12 7 R , respectively; the latter being more in line with typical WN stars. Spectra obtained at three and four months after maximum light show double-peaked oxygen lines that we associate with departures from spherical symmetry, as has been suggested for the inner ejecta of a number of SN Ib cores.

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DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/702/1/226

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