Measurements of Proton High-Order Cumulants in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msqrt><mml:msub><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mi>N</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi>GeV</mml:mi></mml:math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Au</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>Au</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> Collisions and Implications for the QCD Critical Point
M. S. AbdallahAmerican University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, EgyptB. E. AboonaTexas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843J. AdamBrookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973L. AdamczykAGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, PolandJ. R. AdamsOhio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210J. K. AdkinsUniversity of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055S. S. ShiJoint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980I. AggarwalPanjab University, Chandigarh 160014, IndiaM. M. AggarwalPanjab University, Chandigarh 160014, IndiaZ. AhammedVariable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, IndiaI. AlekseevAlikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow 117218D. M. AndersonTexas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843A. AparinJoint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980E. C. AschenauerBrookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973M. U. AshrafCentral China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079F. G. AtetallaKent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242A. AttriPanjab University, Chandigarh 160014, IndiaG. S. AverichevJoint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980V. BairathiInstituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, ChileW. BakerUniversity of California, Riverside, California 92521J. BallUniversity of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204K. N. BarishUniversity of California, Riverside, California 92521A. BeheraState University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794R. BellwiedUniversity of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204P. BhagatUniversity of Jammu, Jammu 180001, IndiaA. BhasinUniversity of Jammu, Jammu 180001, IndiaJ. BielcikCzech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech RepublicJ. BielcikovaNuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech RepublicI. G. BordyuzhinAlikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow 117218J. D. BrandenburgBrookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973A. V. BrandinNational Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409I. BunzarovJoint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980X. Z. CaiShanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800H. CainesYale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520M. Calderon De La Barca SanchezUniversity of California, Davis, California 95616D. CebraUniversity of California, Davis, California 95616I. ChakaberiaBrookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973P. ChaloupkaCzech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech RepublicB. K. ChanUniversity of California, Los Angeles, California 90095F-H. ChangNational Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101Z. ChangBrookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973N. Chankova-BunzarovaJoint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980A. ChatterjeeCentral China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079S. ChattopadhyayVariable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, IndiaD. ChenUniversity of California, Riverside, California 92521J. ChenFudan University, Shanghai, 200433J. H. ChenFudan University, Shanghai, 200433X. ChenUniversity of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026Z. ChenShandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237J. ChengTsinghua University, Beijing 100084M. ChevalierUniversity of California, Riverside, California 92521S. ChoudhuryFudan University, Shanghai, 200433W. ChristieBrookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973X. ChuBrookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973H. J. CrawfordUniversity of California, Berkeley, California 94720M. CsanádELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117M. DaugherityAbilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699Т. Г. ДедовичJoint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980I. M. DeppnerUniversity of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, GermanyA. A. DerevschikovNRC “Kurchatov Institute”, Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281A. DhamijaPanjab University, Chandigarh 160014, IndiaL. Di CarloWayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201L. DidenkoBrookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973P. DixitIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, IndiaX. DongLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720J. L. DrachenbergAbilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699E. DuckworthKent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242J. C. DunlopBrookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973N. ElseyWayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201J. EngelageUniversity of California, Berkeley, California 94720G. EppleyRice University, Houston, Texas 77251S. EsumiUniversity of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, JapanO. EvdokimovUniversity of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607A. EwiglebenLehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015O. EyserBrookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973R. FatemiUniversity of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055F. M. FawziAmerican University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, EgyptS. FazioBrookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973P. FedericNuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech RepublicJ. FedorisinJoint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980C. FengNational Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101Yuliang FengPurdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907P. FilipJoint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980E. FinchSouthern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515Y. FisyakBrookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973A. FranciscoYale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520C. FuCentral China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079Ł. FulekAGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, PolandC. A. GagliardiTexas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843T. GalatyukTechnische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, GermanyF. J. M. GeurtsRice University, Houston, Texas 77251N. GhimireTemple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122S. M. GibsonValparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383K. GopalIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, IndiaX. GouShandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237D. GrosnickValparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383A. GuptaUniversity of Jammu, Jammu 180001, IndiaW. GurynBrookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973A. I. HamadKent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242A. HamedAmerican University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
2022lv
ABI
Annotatsiya
We report cumulants of the proton multiplicity distribution from dedicated fixed-target $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ collisions at $\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}=3.0\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$, measured by the STAR experiment in the kinematic acceptance of rapidity ($y$) and transverse momentum (${p}_{T}$) within $\ensuremath{-}0.5<y<0$ and $0.4<{p}_{T}<2.0\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/c$. In the most central 0%--5% collisions, a proton cumulant ratio is measured to be ${C}_{4}/{C}_{2}=\ensuremath{-}0.85\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.09\text{ }(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.82\text{ }(\mathrm{syst})$, which is $2\ensuremath{\sigma}$ below the Poisson baseline with respect to both the statistical and systematic uncertainties. The hadronic transport UrQMD model reproduces our ${C}_{4}/{C}_{2}$ in the measured acceptance. Compared to higher energy results and the transport model calculations, the suppression in ${C}_{4}/{C}_{2}$ is consistent with fluctuations driven by baryon number conservation and indicates an energy regime dominated by hadronic interactions. These data imply that the QCD critical region, if created in heavy-ion collisions, could only exist at energies higher than 3 GeV.
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