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Enhanced Adsorption Capacity of Methylene Blue Dye onto Kaolin through Acid Treatment: Batch Adsorption and Machine Learning Studies

Nadia HamriDépartement de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences Exactes, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, AlgeriaAli ImessaoudeneLaboratoire de Gestion et Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles et Assurance Qualité, Faculté SNVST, Université de Bouira, Bouira 10000, AlgeriaAmina HadadiLaboratoire de Gestion et Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles et Assurance Qualité, Faculté SNVST, Université de Bouira, Bouira 10000, AlgeriaSabrina CheikhLaboratoire de Gestion et Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles et Assurance Qualité, Faculté SNVST, Université de Bouira, Bouira 10000, AlgeriaAbdelhamid BoukerrouiDépartement de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences Exactes, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, AlgeriaJean‐Claude BollingerLaboratoire E2Lim, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, FranceAbdeltif AmraneInstitut des Sciences Chimiques de RennesHichem TahraouiLaboratoire de Génie des Procédés Chimiques, Department of Process Engineering, University of Ferhat Abbas, Setif 19137, AlgeriaHai Nguyen TranCenter for Energy and Environmental Materials, Institute of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Duy Tan University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, VietnamAbdelrahman O. EzzatDepartment of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaHamad A. Al‐LohedanDepartment of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaLotfi MouniLaboratoire de Gestion et Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles et Assurance Qualité, Faculté SNVST, Université de Bouira, Bouira 10000, Algeria

2024en

ABI

Annotatsiya

Algerian kaolinite, sourced from Djebel Debbagh nuance 3 (DD3), was used as a low-cost adsorbent to remove methylene blue (MB) dye from water. Its adsorption capacity was enhanced through sulfuric acid treatment (treated-DD3). In response to the urgent demand for clean water, various technologies have been developed to address dye removal from wastewater. This study, specifically delving into the treatment of textile wastewater, examined the efficacy of treated-DD3 through adsorption processes. The acid treatment increased the surface area and pore volume of DD3. X-ray diffraction showed crystalline phases in both, with treated-DD3 having higher crystallinity. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy found no significant differences post-acid treatment. Scanning electron microscopy revealed DD3 had large, stacked particles with low surface area, while treated-DD3 had increased porosity and a smoother surface. Various parameters affecting MB adsorption were studied. The Langmuir and Freundlich models were used for isotherm parameters. Treated-DD3 exhibited a higher MB adsorption capacity (64.58 mg/g according to the Langmuir model) than DD3 (44.48 mg/g). Thermodynamic analysis indicated spontaneous and endothermic MB adsorption onto both DD3-BM and treated-DD3-BM systems under different pH conditions. Treated-DD3 effectively reduced chemical oxygen demand (from 304.056 mg/L to 34.44 mg/L) and biological oxygen demand (from 80 mg/L to 20 mg/L) in real textile wastewater. The adsorbent exhibited rapid removal and decolorization, surpassing 93% within the first 7 min of the experiment. The Gaussian process regression and particle swarm optimization (GPR–PSO) predicted MB adsorption capacity effectively (R = 0.9989, R2 = 0.9978, adj-R2 = 0.9978, RMSE = 1.1390, and MAE = 0.3926).

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DOI: 10.3390/w16020243

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