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SPIDERS: overview of the X-ray galaxy cluster follow-up and the final spectroscopic data release

N. ClercIRAP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNES, F-31028 Toulouse, FranceC C KirkpatrickDepartment of Physics, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, FI-00014 Helsinki, FinlandA. FinoguenovDepartment of Physics, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, FI-00014 Helsinki, FinlandR. CapassoThe Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, SwedenJohan ComparatMax-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse, D-85748 Garching, GermanyS. DamstedDepartment of Physics, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, FI-00014 Helsinki, FinlandK FurnellAstrophyics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, IC2, Liverpool Science Park, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UKA KukkolaDepartment of Physics, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, FI-00014 Helsinki, FinlandJ. Ider ChithamMax-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse, D-85748 Garching, GermanyA. MerloniMax-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse, D-85748 Garching, GermanyM. SalvatoMax-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse, D-85748 Garching, GermanyA. GuéguenMax-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse, D-85748 Garching, GermanyT. DwellyMax-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse, D-85748 Garching, GermanyC. CollinsAstrophyics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, IC2, Liverpool Science Park, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UKA. SaroAstronomy Unit, Department of Physics, University of Trieste, via Tiepolo 11, I-34131 Trieste, ItalyG. ErfanianfarMax-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse, D-85748 Garching, GermanyDonald P. SchneiderDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USAJoel R. BrownsteinDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 S. 1400 E., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USAG. A. MamonInstitut d’Astrophysique de Paris (UMR 7095: CNRS & Sorbonne Université), F-75014 Paris, FranceNelson PadillaInstituto de Astrofísica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuna Mackenna 4860, 782-0436 Macul, Santiago, ChileEric JulloAix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM, F-13388 Marseille, FranceDmitry BizyaevApache Point Observatory, P.O. Box 59, Sunspot, NM 88349, USA
2020en
ABI

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ABSTRACT SPIDERS (The SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources) is a large spectroscopic programme for X-ray selected galaxy clusters as part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-IV (SDSS-IV). We describe the final data set in the context of SDSS Data Release 16 (DR16): the survey overall characteristics, final targeting strategies, achieved completeness, and spectral quality, with special emphasis on its use as a galaxy cluster sample for cosmology applications. SPIDERS now consists of about 27 000 new optical spectra of galaxies selected within 4000 photometric red sequences, each associated with an X-ray source. The excellent spectrograph efficiency and a robust analysis pipeline yield a spectroscopic redshift measurement success rate exceeding 98 per cent, with a median velocity accuracy of 20 km s−1 (at z = 0.2). Using the catalogue of 2740 X-ray galaxy clusters confirmed with DR16 spectroscopy, we reveal the 3D map of the galaxy cluster distribution in the observable Universe up to z ∼ 0.6. We highlight the homogeneity of the member galaxy spectra among distinct regions of the galaxy cluster phase space. Aided by accurate spectroscopic redshifts and by a model of the sample selection effects, we compute the galaxy cluster X-ray luminosity function and we present its lack of evolution up to z = 0.6. Finally we discuss the prospects of forthcoming large multiplexed spectroscopic programmes dedicated to follow up the next generation of all-sky X-ray source catalogues.

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