Predicting Factors on Modeling Health Behavior: A Systematic Review

Objectives: In this study, we summarize current evidence on learning health behaviors through modeling, thereby offering greater insight into the predictors of modeling's effectiveness on health behavior change. Methods: We searched 5 electronic bases (PubMed, ProQuest New Platform, EBSCOHost, ERIC, and ScienceDirect) drawing on articles from January 1986 to April 2018. In addition, we performed follow-up searches of unique citations from identified articles. Results: Overall, our search identified 3339 articles. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, we reviewed 20 qualifying articles across 4 conditions of role modeling: attention , retention , motor reproduction , and motivation . Characteristics of role models and observers, use of technology to promote the modeling of health behavior, and use of peers as role models emerged as predictive factors related to attention ; types of information and adherence to a specific timeframe were related to retention . Opportunity to practice a modeled health behavior and a specific timeframe to perform what was observed were key elements for motor reproduction . Support by significant others, self-efficacy, self-regulation, and policy incentives were predictive of sustained motivation . Conclusions: This review highlights several predictive factors in each situation in learning healthy behavior through role modeling. Identification and application of these factors may increase health behavior adoption.

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