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Modification of Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) Membranes with DES-Functionalized Carbon Nanospheres for Removal of Methyl Orange by Membrane Distillation

Mustafa Mohammed AljumailyDepartment of Civil Engineering, Al-Maaref University College, Ramadi 31001, IraqNisreen S. AliMaterials Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad 14022, IraqAlyaa Esam MahdiMembrane Technology Research Unit, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology-Iraq, Alsena’a Street 52, Baghdad 10066, IraqHaiyam Mohammed AlayanMembrane Technology Research Unit, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology-Iraq, Alsena’a Street 52, Baghdad 10066, IraqMohamed Khalid AlOmarDepartment of Civil Engineering, Al-Maaref University College, Ramadi 31001, IraqMohammed Majeed HameedDepartment of Civil Engineering, Al-Maaref University College, Ramadi 31001, IraqBashar IsmaelDepartment of Civil Engineering, Al-Maaref University College, Ramadi 31001, IraqQusay F. AlsalhyMembrane Technology Research Unit, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology-Iraq, Alsena’a Street 52, Baghdad 10066, IraqMohammed Abdulhakim AlsaadiNational Chair of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 611, OmanHasan Sh. MajdiZainab Bahaa MohammedDepartment of Civil Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, Alsinaa Street 52, Baghdad 10066, Iraq

2022en

ABI

Annotatsiya

Chemical pollutants, such as methyl orange (MO), constitute the main ingredients in the textile industry wastewater, and specifically, the dyeing process. The use of such chemicals leads to huge quantities of unfixed dyes to make their way to the water effluent and consequently escalates the water pollution problem. This work investigates the incorporation of hydrophobic carbon nanospheres (CNS) prepared from the pyrolysis of acetylene using the chemical vapor deposition technique with poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) in order to enhance its hydrophobicity. Moreover, a deep eutectic solvent (DES) was used to enhance the membrane’s porosity. The former was based on the quaternary ammonium salt (N,N-diethyl-ethanol-ammonium chloride) as a chemical addition throughout the membrane synthesis. Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) was employed to assess the performance of the modified membrane for treatment of MO contaminated water. The phase inversion method was used to embed various contents of CNS (i.e., 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 wt.%) with 22:78 wt.% of PVDF-co-HFP/N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone solution to prepare flat-sheet membranes. The membrane embedded with 5 wt.% CNS resulted in an increase in membrane hydrophobicity and presented considerable enhancement in DCMD permeation from 12 to 35 L/h.m2 with salt rejection >99.9%. Moreover, the composite membrane showed excellent anti-biofouling and mechanical characteristics as compared to the pristine counterpart. Using this membrane, a complete rejection of MO was achieved due to the synergistic contribution of the dye negative charge and the size exclusion effect.

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DOI: 10.3390/w14091396

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